How to format your references using the Journal of the National Medical Association citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of the National Medical Association. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Whitesides GM. The origins and the future of microfluidics. Nature. 2006;442(7101):368-373.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rosch J, Caparon M. A microdomain for protein secretion in Gram-positive bacteria. Science. 2004;304(5676):1513-1515.

A journal article with 3 authors

Peñalver E, Grimaldi DA, Delclòs X. Early Cretaceous spider web with its prey. Science. 2006;312(5781):1761.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Rodríguez-Negrete EA, Sánchez-Campos S, Cañizares MC, et al. A sensitive method for the quantification of virion-sense and complementary-sense DNA strands of circular single-stranded DNA viruses. Sci Rep. 2014;4:6438.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Markley NG. Principles of Differential Equations. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2004.

An edited book

de Paz M, DiSalle R, eds. Poincaré, Philosopher of Science: Problems and Perspectives. Vol 79. Springer Netherlands; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Girish S, Gupta M. Clinical Pharmacology Strategies in the Development of Antibody–Drug Conjugates. In: Phillips GL, ed. Antibody-Drug Conjugates and Immunotoxins: From Pre-Clinical Development to Therapeutic Applications. Springer; 2013:57-75.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of the National Medical Association.

Blog post

Davis J. What It’s Like To Live In A Town That Needs Its Own Polar Bear Jail. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Capitalization and Use of the Automatic Data Processing Fund That Is Administered by the General Services Administration. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1977.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Schmisseur BE. An Evaluation of Noise Reduction Effectiveness in Four Digital Hearing Aids. Doctoral dissertation. University of Cincinnati; 2002.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Barry E, Kishkovsky S. Parsing Motives In Bolshoi Attack. New York Times. March 7, 2013:C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of the National Medical Association
Abbreviation	J. Natl. Med. Assoc.
ISSN (print)	0027-9684
Scope	General Medicine