How to format your references using the Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rice, Maurice. 2006. “Physics. Superconductivity with a Twist.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 314 (5803): 1248–1249.

A journal article with 2 authors

Tinel, Antoine, and Jürg Tschopp. 2004. “The PIDDosome, a Protein Complex Implicated in Activation of Caspase-2 in Response to Genotoxic Stress.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 304 (5672): 843–846.

A journal article with 3 authors

Chung, Kunook, Chul-Ho Lee, and Gyu-Chul Yi. 2010. “Transferable GaN Layers Grown on ZnO-Coated Graphene Layers for Optoelectronic Devices.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 330 (6004): 655–657.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Moqrich, Aziz, Sun Wook Hwang, Taryn J. Earley, Matt J. Petrus, Amber N. Murray, Kathryn S. R. Spencer, Mary Andahazy, Gina M. Story, and Ardem Patapoutian. 2005. “Impaired Thermosensation in Mice Lacking TRPV3, a Heat and Camphor Sensor in the Skin.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 307 (5714): 1468–1472.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Berthold, Hans J., and Michael Binnewies. 2005. Chemisches Grundpraktikum. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Derosas, Renzo, and Frans van Poppel, eds. 2006. Religion and the Decline of Fertility in the Western World. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Drechsel, Pay, Olfa Mahjoub, and Bernard Keraita. 2015. “Social and Cultural Dimensions in Wastewater Use.” In Wastewater: Economic Asset in an Urbanizing World, edited by Pay Drechsel, Manzoor Qadir, and Dennis Wichelns, 75–92. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy.

Blog post

Luntz, Stephen. 2017. “The First Life Forms Might Not Have Needed Phosphate.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/chemistry/the-first-life-forms-might-not-have-needed-phosphate/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1996. FCC: Interconnection and Resale Obligations Pertaining to Commercial Mobile Radio Services. OGC-96-32. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Sindel, Kasey D. 2010. “Can Experiential Education Strategies Improve Elementary Science Teachers’ Perceptions of and Practices in Science Teaching?” Doctoral dissertation, St. Charles, MO: Lindenwood University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gustines, George Gene. 2016. “A Bird? A Plane? La Borinqueña!” New York Times, June 12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Rice 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Rice 2006; Tinel and Tschopp 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Tinel and Tschopp 2004)
Three authors: (Chung, Lee, and Yi 2010)
4 or more authors: (Moqrich et al. 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy
Abbreviation	J. Asia Pac. Econ.
ISSN (print)	1354-7860
ISSN (online)	1469-9648
Scope	Development Geography, Planning and Development Political Science and International Relations