How to format your references using the Journal of the American Pharmacists Association citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of the American Pharmacists Association. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Sansom M. Louise Johnson (1940-2012). Nature. 2012;490(7421):488.

A journal article with 2 authors

Medford JI, Prasad A. Plant Science. Plant synthetic biology takes root. Science. 2014;346(6206):162-163.

A journal article with 3 authors

Markos C, Kubat I, Bang O. Hybrid polymer photonic crystal fiber with integrated chalcogenide glass nanofilms. Sci Rep. 2014;4:6057.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

WoldeGabriel G, Haile-Selassie Y, Renne PR, et al. Geology and palaeontology of the Late Miocene Middle Awash valley, Afar rift, Ethiopia. Nature. 2001;412(6843):175-178.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Stevens BA, Roediger E. Breaking Negative Relationship Patterns. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2016.

An edited book

Prodan E. Bulk and Boundary Invariants for Complex Topological Insulators: From K-Theory to Physics. 1st ed. 2016. (Schulz-Baldes H, ed.). Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Maulucci MSR. Invoking the Sacred: Reflections on the Implications of EcoJustice for Science Education. In: Tippins DJ, Mueller MP, Eijck M van, Adams JD, eds. Cultural Studies and Environmentalism: The Confluence of EcoJustice, Place-Based (Science) Education, and Indigenous Knowledge Systems. Cultural Studies of Science Education. Springer Netherlands; 2010:43-49.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of the American Pharmacists Association.

Blog post

Andrew D. Is It True Only Half Your Friends Actually Like You? IFLScience. August 17, 2016. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/is-it-true-only-half-your-friends-actually-like-you/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Multiple Protests Against Contract Award. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1972.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hammarsten C. Decorated Heegaard Diagrams and Combinatorial Heegaard Floer Homology. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Conte L. Scouting Report. New York Times. May 19, 2011:E5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of the American Pharmacists Association
Abbreviation	J. Am. Pharm. Assoc. (2003)
ISSN (print)	1544-3191
Scope	Pharmacology (nursing) Pharmacology Pharmacy