How to format your references using the Journal of Surgery and Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Surgery and Medicine (JOSAM). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Smaglik P. Gene therapy institute denies that errors led to trial death. Nature. 2000;403:820.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Lloyd-Jones GC, Ball LT. Catalysis. Self-control tames the coupling of reactive radicals. Science. 2014;345:381–2.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Peng Y, Maiolino R, Cochrane R. Strangulation as the primary mechanism for shutting down star formation in galaxies. Nature. 2015;521:192–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Selman C, Lingard S, Gems D, Partridge L, Withers DJ. Comment on “Brain IRS2 signaling coordinates life span and nutrient homeostasis.” Science. 2008;320:1012; author reply 1012.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Malpass DB. Introduction to Industrial Polyethylene. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2010.

An edited book

1. Lloyd RV, editor. Endocrine Pathology: Differential Diagnosis and Molecular Advances. Second. New York, NY: Springer; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Davendra D. Evolutionary Algorithms and the Edge of Chaos. In: Zelinka I, Celikovsky S, Richter H, Chen G, editors. Evolutionary Algorithms and Chaotic Systems. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010. p. 145–61.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Surgery and Medicine.

Blog post

1. Andrew D. Scientists May Have Proven Women Are Better at Multitasking than Men. IFLScience. 2017. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/scientists-may-have-proven-women-are-better-at-multitasking-than-men/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Social Security Offsets: Improvements to Program Design Could Better Assist Older Student Loan Borrowers with Obtaining Permitted Relief. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2016.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Dickinson S. Best practices in integrating acquisitions. Doctoral dissertation. Pepperdine University; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Pilon M. Wagner and Ice Dancers Rally U.S. to Finals. New York Times. 2014;:SP6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Surgery and Medicine
ISSN (online)	2602-2079
Scope