How to format your references using the Journal of Surgery and Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Surgery and Medicine (JOSAM). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Palmer AR. Symmetry breaking and the evolution of development. Science. 2004;306:828–33.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Xu B, Tao NJ. Measurement of single-molecule resistance by repeated formation of molecular junctions. Science. 2003;301:1221–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Lewis SL, Edwards DP, Galbraith D. Increasing human dominance of tropical forests. Science. 2015;349:827–32.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Fujiki R, Chikanishi T, Hashiba W, Ito H, Takada I, Roeder RG, et al. GlcNAcylation of a histone methyltransferase in retinoic-acid-induced granulopoiesis. Nature. 2009;459:455–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Tatham M, Morton K. Developments in Speech Synthesis. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2006.

An edited book

1. Asea AAA, Pedersen BK, editors. Heat Shock Proteins and Whole Body Physiology. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Barney HT, Aurum A, Low GC, Wang K. Investigating Post-outsourcing Decisions: Using the Intellectual Capital View. In: Linger H, Fisher J, Barnden A, Barry C, Lang M, Schneider C, editors. Building Sustainable Information Systems: Proceedings of the 2012 International Conference on Information Systems Development. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2013. p. 63–75.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Surgery and Medicine.

Blog post

1. O`Callaghan J. We’ll Have To Wait A Bit Longer For This Car To Go 1,000 Miles Per Hour. IFLScience. 2017. https://www.iflscience.com/space/well-have-to-wait-a-big-longer-for-this-car-to-go-1000-miles-per-hour/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Space Acquisitions: DOD Is Making Progress to Rapidly Deliver Low Cost Space Capabilities, but Challenges Remain. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2008.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Isaacson MJ. The paradox of respect and risk: Six Lakota adolescents speak. Doctoral dissertation. Indiana University; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. (nyt) SK. World Briefing | Europe: Russia: Outcry At Claims Against Jews. New York Times. 2005;:A6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Surgery and Medicine
ISSN (online)	2602-2079
Scope