How to format your references using the Journal of Surgery and Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Surgery and Medicine (JOSAM). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Angerer P. Graduate journal: at the crossroads. Nature. 2004;427:270.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Rock JR, Hogan BLM. Developmental biology. Branching takes nerve. Science. 2010;329:1610–1.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Chuck AL, Turner SM, Liss PS. Direct evidence for a marine source of C1 and C2 alkyl nitrates. Science. 2002;297:1151–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. de Graaf BHJ, Rudd JJ, Wheeler MJ, Perry RM, Bell EM, Osman K, et al. Self-incompatibility in Papaver targets soluble inorganic pyrophosphatases in pollen. Nature. 2006;444:490–3.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Douglas B. Achieving Business Success with GIS. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2008.

An edited book

1. Mariani G, Manca G, Orsini F, Vidal-Sicart S, Valdés Olmos RA, editors. Atlas of Lymphoscintigraphy and Sentinel Node Mapping: A Pictorial Case-Based Approach. Milano: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Brambilla M, Ceri S, Valle ED, Facca FM, Tziviskou C. A Software Engineering Approach based on WebML and BPMN to the Mediation Scenario of the SWS Challenge. In: Petrie C, Margaria T, Lausen H, Zaremba M, editors. Semantic Web Services Challenge: Results from the First Year. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2009. p. 51–70.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Surgery and Medicine.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Doctors in India Remove 232 Teeth From Mouth Of Teenage Boy. IFLScience. 2014. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/doctors-india-remove-232-teeth-mouth-teenage-boy/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Recovery Act: USDA Should Include Broadband Program’s Impact in Annual Performance Reports. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2014.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Arnold JM. Accountability in British Columbia: A case study connecting policy and practice. Doctoral dissertation. University of Phoenix; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Turkewitz J. Language Barrier Continues to Thwart Victims of Crimes. New York Times. 2014;:A14.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Surgery and Medicine
ISSN (online)	2602-2079
Scope