How to format your references using the Journal of Risk and Uncertainty citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Risk and Uncertainty. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Church, G. (2005). Let us go forth and safely multiply. Nature, 438(7067), 423.

A journal article with 2 authors

Baughn, A. D., & Malamy, M. H. (2004). The strict anaerobe Bacteroides fragilis grows in and benefits from nanomolar concentrations of oxygen. Nature, 427(6973), 441–444.

A journal article with 3 authors

Misura, K. M., Scheller, R. H., & Weis, W. I. (2000). Three-dimensional structure of the neuronal-Sec1-syntaxin 1a complex. Nature, 404(6776), 355–362.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Cukierman, E., Pankov, R., Stevens, D. R., & Yamada, K. M. (2001). Taking cell-matrix adhesions to the third dimension. Science (New York, N.Y.), 294(5547), 1708–1712.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Pohanish, R. P. (2005). HazMat Data. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Burke, E., & Trick, M. (Eds.). (2005). Practice and Theory of Automated Timetabling V: 5th International Conference, PATAT 2004, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, August 18-20, 2004, Revised Selected Papers (Vol. 3616). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Shi, M., Zhang, Z., & Zhou, D. (2015). Studies on Carrying Capacity of Water Resources in Beijing and Tianjin: Based on the Water Footprint. In K. Wen & E. Zhu (Eds.), Report on Development of Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei Province (2013): Measurement of Carrying Capacity and Countermeasures (pp. 99–118). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Risk and Uncertainty.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2014, November 29). How To Find Micrometeorites In Your Home. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/how-hunt-micrometeorites/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1993). Space Transportation: The Content and Uses of Shuttle Cost Estimates (No. NSIAD-93-115). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Eutz, R. J. (2014). The experiences of Recovery High School students: Using empirical phenomenology to garner knowledge (Doctoral dissertation). Capella University, Minneapolis, MN.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Shpigel, B. (2017, January 8). Steelers Flex Muscle, on Ground and Through the Air. New York Times, p. D3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Church 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Baughn and Malamy 2004; Church 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Baughn and Malamy 2004)
Three or more authors: (Cukierman et al. 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Risk and Uncertainty
Abbreviation	J. Risk Uncertain.
ISSN (print)	0895-5646
ISSN (online)	1573-0476
Scope	Accounting Economics and Econometrics Finance