How to format your references using the Journal of Risk and Uncertainty citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Risk and Uncertainty. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Naccache, L. (2006). Psychology. Is she conscious? Science (New York, N.Y.), 313(5792), 1395–1396.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kim, S. V., & Flavell, R. A. (2004). Immunology. CD8alphaalpha and T cell memory. Science (New York, N.Y.), 304(5670), 529–530.

A journal article with 3 authors

Frederickson, M. E., Greene, M. J., & Gordon, D. M. (2005). Ecology: “Devil’s gardens” bedevilled by ants. Nature, 437(7058), 495–496.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Wakabayashi, Y., Mao, J.-H., Brown, K., Girardi, M., & Balmain, A. (2007). Promotion of Hras-induced squamous carcinomas by a polymorphic variant of the Patched gene in FVB mice. Nature, 445(7129), 761–765.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Reiher, M., & Wolf, A. (2014). Relativistic Quantum Chemistry. D-69451 Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH.

An edited book

Nicholls, R. J., Dawson, R. J., & Day (née Nicholson-Cole), S. A. (Eds.). (2015). Broad Scale Coastal Simulation: New Techniques to Understand and Manage Shorelines in the Third Millennium (1st ed. 2015., Vol. 49). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Huang, R., & Yang, J. (2016). Digital Learners and Digital Teachers: Challenges, Changes, and Competencies. In J. M. Spector, D. Ifenthaler, D. G. Sampson, & P. Isaias (Eds.), Competencies in Teaching, Learning and Educational Leadership in the Digital Age: Papers from CELDA 2014 (pp. 47–56). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Risk and Uncertainty.

Blog post

Hale, T. (2016, October 14). Scientist Steps Closer To Understanding The Enigmatic Noises Of The Northern Lights. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/scientist-steps-closer-to-understanding-the-enigmatic-noises-of-the-northern-lights/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2014). Aviation Manufacturing: Status of FAA’s Efforts to Improve Certification and Regulatory Consistency (No. GAO-14-829T). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Balakrishnan, G. (2017). Cognitive radio cooperative spectrum sensing (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hodara, S. (2013, October 20). Where Art Is in the Air, and in the Ground. New York Times, p. WE9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Naccache 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Kim and Flavell 2004; Naccache 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Kim and Flavell 2004)
Three or more authors: (Wakabayashi et al. 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Risk and Uncertainty
Abbreviation	J. Risk Uncertain.
ISSN (print)	0895-5646
ISSN (online)	1573-0476
Scope	Accounting Economics and Econometrics Finance