How to format your references using the Journal of Risk and Uncertainty citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Risk and Uncertainty. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Dietl, G. P. (2016). Ecology: Different worlds. Nature, 529(7584), 29–30.

A journal article with 2 authors

Dobson, D. P., & Brodholt, J. P. (2005). Subducted banded iron formations as a source of ultralow-velocity zones at the core-mantle boundary. Nature, 434(7031), 371–374.

A journal article with 3 authors

Rockman, H. A., Koch, W. J., & Lefkowitz, R. J. (2002). Seven-transmembrane-spanning receptors and heart function. Nature, 415(6868), 206–212.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Kang, H. J., Yi, Y. W., Hong, Y. B., Kim, H. J., Jang, Y.-J., Seong, Y.-S., & Bae, I. (2014). HER2 confers drug resistance of human breast cancer cells through activation of NRF2 by direct interaction. Scientific reports, 4, 7201.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Valizadeh, P. (2016). Field Effect Transistors, A Comprehensive Overview. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Kelly, J. D., IV (Ed.). (2016). Elite Techniques in Shoulder Arthroscopy: New Frontiers in Shoulder Preservation. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Ding, J., Challa, V. R., Prasad, M. G., & Fisher, F. T. (2013). Vibration Energy Harvesting and Its Application for Nano- and Microrobotics. In Y. Guo (Ed.), Selected Topics in Micro/Nano-robotics for Biomedical Applications (pp. 59–83). New York, NY: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Risk and Uncertainty.

Blog post

Carpineti, C. (2017, February 16). Astronaut Peggy Whitsun Plays A Prank On Her Russian Colleagues. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/astronaut-peggy-whitsun-plays-a-prank-on-her-russian-colleagues/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1977). Examination of the Circumstances Surrounding a Grant Awarded by the U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration (No. EMD-78-13). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Restrepo, E. (2009). Eventalizing blackness in Colombia (Doctoral dissertation). University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Herrman, J. (2016, November 19). Fixation on Fake News Obscures a Waning Trust in Real Reporting. New York Times, p. B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Dietl 2016).
This sentence cites two references (Dietl 2016; Dobson and Brodholt 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Dobson and Brodholt 2005)
Three or more authors: (Kang et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Risk and Uncertainty
Abbreviation	J. Risk Uncertain.
ISSN (print)	0895-5646
ISSN (online)	1573-0476
Scope	Accounting Economics and Econometrics Finance