How to format your references using the Journal of Primary Health Care citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Primary Health Care. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Taylor WR. A deeply knotted protein structure and how it might fold. Nature. 2000 Aug 24;406(6798):916–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

Zucker I, Beery AK. Males still dominate animal studies. Nature. 2010 Jun 10;465(7299):690.

A journal article with 3 authors

Alexander RB, Smith RA, Schwarz GE. Effect of stream channel size on the delivery of nitrogen to the Gulf of Mexico. Nature. 2000 Feb 17;403(6771):758–61.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Ren JG, Seth P, Clish CB, Lorkiewicz PK, Higashi RM, Lane AN, et al. Knockdown of malic enzyme 2 suppresses lung tumor growth, induces differentiation and impacts PI3K/AKT signaling. Sci Rep. 2014 Jun 24;4:5414.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

AIChE technical manual. Dow’s Chemical Exposure Index Guide. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 1998.

An edited book

Resch-Genger U, editor. Standardization and Quality Assurance in Fluorescence Measurements I: Techniques. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008. XVI, 496 p. 160 illus., 19 illus. in color. (Springer Series on Fluorescence; vol. 5).

A chapter in an edited book

Mikolajczak C, Kahn M, White K, Long RT. Life Cycles of Lithium-Ion Cells. In: Kahn M, White K, Long RT, editors. Lithium-Ion Batteries Hazard and Use Assessment. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2011. p. 71–84. (SpringerBriefs in Fire).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Primary Health Care.

Blog post

Luntz S. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014. Dramatic Battle Between Great White Sharks Caught On Camera.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Maritime Environment: Federal and State Actions, Expenditures, and Challenges to Addressing Abandoned and Derelict Vessels. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2017 Mar. Report No.: GAO-17-202.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

McMiller B. Policy analysis on the Adoption and Safe Family Act of 1997 [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney K. Filipino Fast Food to Linger Over. New York Times. 2007 Mar 18;NJ6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Primary Health Care
Abbreviation	J. Prim. Health Care
ISSN (print)	1172-6164
ISSN (online)	1172-6156
Scope	General Medicine Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health