How to format your references using the Journal of Primary Health Care citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Primary Health Care. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

van Der Lee S. Geology. Deep below North America. Science. 2001 Nov 9;294(5545):1297–8.

A journal article with 2 authors

Miller AI, Foote M. Epicontinental seas versus open-ocean settings: the kinetics of mass extinction and origination. Science. 2009 Nov 20;326(5956):1106–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

Karlsson MP, Tervo DGR, Karpova AY. Network resets in medial prefrontal cortex mark the onset of behavioral uncertainty. Science. 2012 Oct 5;338(6103):135–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Aebischer NJ, Baker SE, Johnson PJ, Macdonald DW, Reynolds JC. Ecology: Hunting and fox numbers in the United Kingdom. Nature. 2003 May 22;423(6938):400; discussion 400.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Brodsky BS, Stanley B. The Dialectical Behavior Therapy Primer. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2013.

An edited book

Gabriel J, Schier J, Huffel SV, Conchon E, Correia C, Fred A, et al., editors. Biomedical Engineering Systems and Technologies: 5th International Joint Conference, BIOSTEC 2012, Vilamoura, Portugal, February 1-4, 2012, Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013. XVI, 414 p. 227 illus. (Communications in Computer and Information Science; vol. 357).

A chapter in an edited book

Schoepf UJ. Cardiovascular. In: Eisenberg RL, Margulis AR, editors. The Right Imaging Study: A Guide for Physicians. New York, NY: Springer; 2008. p. 124–72.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Primary Health Care.

Blog post

Davis J. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. CRISPR Gene Editing Used To Edit Out Sickle Cell Mutation. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/crispr-gene-editing-used-to-edit-out-sickle-cell-mutation-/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority: Information on Contracting at Washington Dulles International Airport and Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport Between 1992 and 1999. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2000 Nov. Report No.: GAO-01-185R.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Canetta SE. Type III Neuregulin1 Signaling in Peripheral Sensory Neurons Affects Thermal Pain Sensation and Hyperalgesia [Doctoral dissertation]. [New York, NY]: Columbia University; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney K. Baked by Hand, With Heart. New York Times. 2009 Apr 5;NJ8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Primary Health Care
Abbreviation	J. Prim. Health Care
ISSN (print)	1172-6164
ISSN (online)	1172-6156
Scope	General Medicine Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health