How to format your references using the Journal of Primary Health Care citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Primary Health Care. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lederman L. The pleasure of learning. Nature. 2004 Aug 5;430(7000):617.

A journal article with 2 authors

Czakó G, Bowman JM. Dynamics of the reaction of methane with chlorine atom on an accurate potential energy surface. Science. 2011 Oct 21;334(6054):343–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

Prospero JM, Bullard JE, Hodgkins R. High-latitude dust over the North Atlantic: inputs from Icelandic proglacial dust storms. Science. 2012 Mar 2;335(6072):1078–82.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Andersson RL, Ström V, Gedde UW, Mallon PE, Hedenqvist MS, Olsson RT. Micromechanics of ultra-toughened electrospun PMMA/PEO fibres as revealed by in-situ tensile testing in an electron microscope. Sci Rep. 2014 Sep 11;4:6335.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Schumann W. Dynamics of the Bacterial Chromosome. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2006.

An edited book

Xu C, Shi Q, editors. Structure and Modeling of Complex Petroleum Mixtures. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. VII, 182 p. (Structure and Bonding; vol. 168).

A chapter in an edited book

Hernández-Salmerón M, Romero-Ávila D. PANIC Approach. In: Romero-Ávila D, editor. Convergence in Output and Its Sources Among Industrialised Countries: A Cross-Country Time-Series Perspective. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 45–51. (SpringerBriefs in Economics).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Primary Health Care.

Blog post

Andrew D. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016. Red, Yellow, Pink And Green: How The World’s Languages Name The Rainbow.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Advanced Technologies: Strengthened Federal Approach Needed to Help Identify and Mitigate Supply Risks for Critical Raw Materials. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2016 Sep. Report No.: GAO-16-699.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ugwu RI. Perceptions of elementary teachers from an urban school district in Southern California regarding their inquiry-based science instructional practices, assessment methods, and professional development [Doctoral dissertation]. [Malibu, CA]: Pepperdine University; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Lee L. Eve Thompson and Richard Robinson. New York Times. 2008 Jan 20;ST11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Primary Health Care
Abbreviation	J. Prim. Health Care
ISSN (print)	1172-6164
ISSN (online)	1172-6156
Scope	General Medicine Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health