How to format your references using the Journal of Postgraduate Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Postgraduate Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smith R. Why a macroeconomic perspective is critical to the prevention of noncommunicable disease. Science 2012;337(6101):1501–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

Popp MW, Maquat LE. RNA. A TRICK’n way to see the pioneer round of translation. Science 2015;347(6228):1316–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

Wittlinger M, Wehner R, Wolf H. The ant odometer: stepping on stilts and stumps. Science 2006;312(5782):1965–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Malek NP, Sundberg H, McGrew S, Nakayama K, Kyriakides TR, Roberts JM, et al. A mouse knock-in model exposes sequential proteolytic pathways that regulate p27Kip1 in G1 and S phase. Nature 2001;413(6853):323–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Zhang PG, Chan T. The Chinese Yuan. 2 Clementi Loop, #02-01, Singapore 129809: John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte. Ltd.; 2011.

An edited book

Blair JA. Groundwork in the Theory of Argumentation: Selected Papers of J. Anthony Blair. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

Wang L, Sahbi H. Nonlinear Cross-View Sample Enrichment for Action Recognition. In: Agapito L, Bronstein MM, Rother C, editors. Computer Vision - ECCV 2014 Workshops: Zurich, Switzerland, September 6-7 and 12, 2014, Proceedings, Part III. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. page 47–62.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Postgraduate Medicine.

Blog post

Andrews R. Dogs Dream Of You While Cats Dream Of Death. IFLScience2016;

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Opportunities to Reduce Fragmentation, Overlap, and Potential Duplication in Federal Teacher Quality and Employment and Training Programs. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2011.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Krug KA. Critical literacy in the face of a mandated curriculum: Can children read beyond the text? 2009;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Saslow L. Offering Fresh Weapons Against Test Anxiety. New York Times2008;LI6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference ^[1].
This sentence cites two references ^[1,2].
This sentence cites four references ^[1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Postgraduate Medicine
Abbreviation	J. Postgrad. Med.
ISSN (print)	0022-3859
ISSN (online)	0972-2823
Scope	General Medicine