How to format your references using the Journal of Physiotherapy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Physiotherapy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lewis R. Growth industry. Nature. 2004;428(6980):348-349.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ochman H, Raghavan R. Systems biology. Excavating the functional landscape of bacterial cells. Science. 2009;326(5957):1200-1201.

A journal article with 3 authors

Roy S, Hsiung F, Kornberg TB. Specificity of Drosophila cytonemes for distinct signaling pathways. Science. 2011;332(6027):354-358.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Fellay J, Thompson AJ, Ge D, et al. ITPA gene variants protect against anaemia in patients treated for chronic hepatitis C. Nature. 2010;464(7287):405-408.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Shover L. Trading Options in Turbulent Markets. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

Taylor M. A Year in the Life of a Third Space Urban Teacher Residency: Using Inquiry to Reinvent Teacher Education. (Klein EJ, ed.). SensePublishers; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Pereira C, Azari K. Replantation of the Digits. In: Salyapongse AN, Poore SO, Afifi AM, Bentz ML, eds. Extremity Replantation: A Comprehensive Clinical Guide. Springer US; 2015:49-65.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Physiotherapy.

Blog post

Hamilton K. Does My Voice Really Sound Like That? IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. High Speed Passenger Rail: Effectively Using Recovery Act Funds for High Speed Rail Projects. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2009.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lanigan LG. Effects of Two Cancer Genes, HTLV-1 Tax and E-Cadherin, on Cancer Development and Progression. Doctoral dissertation. Ohio State University; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh MW. False Rumors Are Flying About Insurance Claims. New York Times. August 29, 2017:A18.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Physiotherapy
Abbreviation	J. Physiother.
ISSN (print)	1836-9553
Scope	Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation