How to format your references using the Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lupascu A (2014) Quantum physics: The path most travelled. Nature 511:538–539

A journal article with 2 authors

Greenwood B, Owusu-Agyei S (2012) Epidemiology. Malaria in the post-genome era. Science 338:49–50

A journal article with 3 authors

Meyer P, Saez L, Young MW (2006) PER-TIM interactions in living Drosophila cells: an interval timer for the circadian clock. Science 311:226–229

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Keppler F, Hamilton JTG, Brass M, Röckmann T (2006) Methane emissions from terrestrial plants under aerobic conditions. Nature 439:187–191

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Möller G (2012) Geotechnik. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany

An edited book

Schiefer U, Wilhelm H, Hart W (eds) (2007) Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology: A Practical Guide. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Deshpande H, Deshpande S (2016) Cardiac Diseases in Pregnancy. In: Gandhi A, Malhotra N, Malhotra J, et al. (eds) Principles of Critical Care in Obstetrics: Volume II. Springer India, New Delhi, pp 33–43

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation.

Blog post

Andrew D (2016) Ten Facts You Need To Know About The Chicken And Eggs On Your Table. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/ten-facts-you-need-to-know-about-the-chicken-and-eggs-on-your-table/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2005) Digital Television Transition: Issues Related to an Information Campaign Regarding the Transition. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wignall J (2013) No longer in the shadows: Identity, citizenship, and belonging among undocumented college students in Southern California. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Link K (2016) Letting All the ‘What Ifs’ Out to Play. New York Times BR8

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Lupascu 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Greenwood and Owusu-Agyei 2012; Lupascu 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Greenwood and Owusu-Agyei 2012)
Three or more authors: (Keppler et al. 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
Abbreviation	J. Pharm. Investig.
ISSN (print)	2093-5552
ISSN (online)	2093-6214
Scope	Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (miscellaneous) Pharmaceutical Science