How to format your references using the Journal of Outdoor Activities citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Outdoor Activities. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ball, P. (2011). Crisis response: The new history. Nature, 480(7378), 447–448.

A journal article with 2 authors

Eliades, S. J., & Wang, X. (2008). Neural substrates of vocalization feedback monitoring in primate auditory cortex. Nature, 453(7198), 1102–1106.

A journal article with 3 authors

Pielke, R., Jr, Wigley, T., & Green, C. (2008). Dangerous assumptions. Nature, 452(7187), 531–532.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Dehnhardt, G., Mauck, B., Hanke, W., & Bleckmann, H. (2001). Hydrodynamic trail-following in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina). Science (New York, N.Y.), 293(5527), 102–104.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kerzner, H., & Belack, C. (2010). Managing Complex Projects. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Bentley, G. (Ed.). (2015). European Instructional Lectures: Volume 15, 2015, 16th EFORT Congress, Prague, Czech Republic (Vol. 15). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Bowden, R., Ellis, L., Kittler, J., Shevchenko, M., & Windridge, D. (2005). Unsupervised Symbol Grounding and Cognitive Bootstrapping in Cognitive Vision. In F. Roli & S. Vitulano (Eds.), Image Analysis and Processing – ICIAP 2005: 13th International Conference, Cagliari, Italy, September 6-8, 2005. Proceedings (pp. 27–36). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Outdoor Activities.

Blog post

Luntz, S. (2014, December 17). Roman Concrete Insight Could Help Build A Safer World. IFLScience; IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1998). Student Loans: Characteristics of Students and Default Rates at Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HEHS-98-90). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Odom, S. A. (2017). Electronic health records: Overcoming obstacles to improve acceptance and utilization for mental health clinicians [Doctoral dissertation]. Capella University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Alexander, K. (2011, October 2). What Should I Stop Buying and Make Instead? New York Times, MM48.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Ball, 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Ball, 2011; Eliades & Wang, 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Eliades & Wang, 2008)
Three authors: (Pielke et al., 2008)
6 or more authors: (Dehnhardt et al., 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Outdoor Activities
ISSN (print)	1802-3908
Scope

Research and Writing Guides