How to format your references using the Journal of Outdoor Activities citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Outdoor Activities. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Aspinall, W. (2010). A route to more tractable expert advice. Nature, 463(7279), 294–295.

A journal article with 2 authors

Auer, S., & Frenkel, D. (2001). Prediction of absolute crystal-nucleation rate in hard-sphere colloids. Nature, 409(6823), 1020–1023.

A journal article with 3 authors

Clayton, J. D., Kyriacou, C. P., & Reppert, S. M. (2001). Keeping time with the human genome. Nature, 409(6822), 829–831.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Estes, J. A., Terborgh, J., Brashares, J. S., Power, M. E., Berger, J., Bond, W. J., Carpenter, S. R., Essington, T. E., Holt, R. D., Jackson, J. B. C., Marquis, R. J., Oksanen, L., Oksanen, T., Paine, R. T., Pikitch, E. K., Ripple, W. J., Sandin, S. A., Scheffer, M., Schoener, T. W., … Wardle, D. A. (2011). Trophic downgrading of planet Earth. Science (New York, N.Y.), 333(6040), 301–306.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hirsch, H. L. (2005). Essential Communication Strategies for Scientists, Engineers, and Technology Professionals. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Ring, J., Przybilla, B., & Ruzicka, T. (Eds.). (2006). Handbook of Atopic Eczema (Second Edition). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Corpas, F. J., Palma, J. M., del Río, L. A., & Barroso, J. B. (2016). Nitric Oxide Emission and Uptake from Higher Plants. In L. Lamattina & C. García-Mata (Eds.), Gasotransmitters in Plants: The Rise of a New Paradigm in Cell Signaling (pp. 79–93). Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Outdoor Activities.

Blog post

Davis, J. (2016, November 11). Red Squirrels In The UK Are Infected By Human Leprosy. IFLScience; IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2000). Year 2000 Computing Challenge: Leadership and Partnerships Result in Limited Rollover Disruptions (T-AIMD-00-70). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Sarkar, D. (2008). Nanopass compiler infrastructure [Doctoral dissertation]. Indiana University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Williams, J. (2017, October 6). Podcast Therapy. New York Times, BR4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Aspinall, 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Aspinall, 2010; Auer & Frenkel, 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Auer & Frenkel, 2001)
Three or more authors: (Estes et al., 2011)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Outdoor Activities
ISSN (print)	1802-3908
Scope