How to format your references using the Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Orr FM Jr: Onshore geologic storage of CO2. Science 325:1656–1658, 2009

A journal article with 2 authors

Cheung KC, Gershenfeld N: Reversibly assembled cellular composite materials. Science 341:1219–1221, 2013

A journal article with 3 authors

Wang J, Wang B, Qiu H: Coalescence and breakup of oppositely charged droplets. Sci Rep 4:7123, 2014

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Schreiner P, Chen X, Husnjak K, Randles L, Zhang N, Elsasser S, et al: Ubiquitin docking at the proteasome through a novel pleckstrin-homology domain interaction. Nature 453:548–552, 2008

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Mazzi B: Treasury Finance and Development Banking. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013

An edited book

Leal Filho W, Úbelis A, Bērziņa D (eds): Sustainable Development, Knowledge Society and Smart Future Manufacturing Technologies. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015

A chapter in an edited book

Saunus JM, McCart-Reed A, Momeny M, Cummings M, Lakhani SR: Breast Cancer Heterogeneity in Primary and Metastatic Disease, in Ahmad A (ed): Breast Cancer Metastasis and Drug Resistance: Progress and Prospects. New York, NY: Springer, 2013, pp 65–95

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics.

Blog post

Andrew E: The Compound Behind All Those Stories About Red Wine Being Good For You. IFLScience:2014

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Department of Homeland Security: Continued Actions Needed to Strengthen Oversight and Coordination of Research and Development. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2014

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Flannery R: Clustering of Cyclic-Nucleotide-Gated Channels in Olfactory Cilia. 2006

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly TW: Encounter: When Fantasy Becomes Fact. New York Times:Travel and Resorts373, 1975

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ².
This sentence cites two references ^3,4.
This sentence cites four references ^3,4,7,8.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics
Abbreviation	J. Neurosurg. Pediatr.
ISSN (print)	1933-0707
ISSN (online)	1933-0715
Scope	General Medicine

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