How to format your references using the Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kerr RA. CLIMATOLOGY: Does a Climate Clock Get a Noisy Boost? Science. 2000;290(5492):697-698.

A journal article with 2 authors

Laurance WF, Balmford A. Land use: A global map for road building. Nature. 2013;495(7441):308-309.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ghuman AS, van den Honert RN, Martin A. Interregional neural synchrony has similar dynamics during spontaneous and stimulus-driven states. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1481.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Traggiai E, Chicha L, Mazzucchelli L, et al. Development of a human adaptive immune system in cord blood cell-transplanted mice. Science. 2004;304(5667):104-107.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Paret D. Design Constraints for NFC Devices. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2016.

An edited book

Sadasivuni KK, Ponnamma D, Kim J, Thomas S, eds. Graphene-Based Polymer Nanocomposites in Electronics. Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Mumford J. Work Based Learning: A Structure for Learning Through Work. In: Goggins SP, Jahnke I, Wulf V, eds. Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning at the Workplace: CSCL@Work. Springer US; 2013:89-110.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics.

Blog post

Hamilton K. Scientists Create Electric Circuits Inside Plants. IFLScience. February 28, 2017. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/scientists-create-electric-circuits-inside-plants/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Environmental Protection: Research and Development of Plasma Arc Technology Used to Treat Hazardous Waste. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1999.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Chin SH. A Performer’s Guide to Howard Hanson’s “Four Poems (Poèmes Érotiques)”, Opus 9. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse L. For New Court, Abortion Case Takes Old Path. New York Times. December 1, 2005:A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics
Abbreviation	J. Neurosurg. Pediatr.
ISSN (print)	1933-0707
ISSN (online)	1933-0715
Scope	General Medicine