How to format your references using the Journal of Nanoparticle Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Nanoparticle Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bahcall O (2015) Precision medicine. Nature 526:335

A journal article with 2 authors

Chemla DS, Shah J (2001) Many-body and correlation effects in semiconductors. Nature 411:549–557

A journal article with 3 authors

Jones MH, Bewsher D, Brown DS (2013) Imaging of a circumsolar dust ring near the orbit of Venus. Science 342:960–963

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Sang Y, Wang B, Wang Q, et al (2014) Insights into the electrocatalysis of nitrobenzene using chemically-modified carbon nanotube electrodes. Sci Rep 4:6321

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Cantrell RS, Cosner C (2004) Spatial Ecology via Reaction-Diffusion Equations. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Luo T (2013) Trust-based Collective View Prediction. Springer, New York, NY

A chapter in an edited book

Suppes P (2006) Ramsey’s Psychological Theory of Belief. In: Galavotti MC (ed) Cambridge and Vienna: Frank P. Ramsey and the Vienna Circle. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 35–53

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Nanoparticle Research.

Blog post

Carpineti A (2016) Archaeologists Map Underwater Mesolithic Stone Age Settlement. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/archaeologists-map-underwater-mesolithic-stone-age-settlement-/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2015) Space Acquisitions: Some Programs Have Overcome Past Problems, but Challenges and Uncertainty Remain for the Future. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Marlatt ES (2013) Effects of accelerated instruction on achievement gains of underprepared Catholic high school freshmen. Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh MW (2014) At Hearing, Caterpillar Defends Tax Practices. New York Times B3

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Bahcall 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Chemla and Shah 2001; Bahcall 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Chemla and Shah 2001)
Three or more authors: (Sang et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Nanoparticle Research
Abbreviation	J. Nanopart. Res.
ISSN (print)	1388-0764
ISSN (online)	1572-896X
Scope	Bioengineering General Chemistry General Materials Science Modelling and Simulation Condensed Matter Physics Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics

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