How to format your references using the Journal of Nanoparticle Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Nanoparticle Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik P (2002) Lessons in career planning. Nature 418:3

A journal article with 2 authors

Rawlins D, Pickering K (2001) Ancient chronology. Astronomical orientation of the pyramids. Nature 412:699–700

A journal article with 3 authors

Zimmer J, Nam Y, Rapoport TA (2008) Structure of a complex of the ATPase SecA and the protein-translocation channel. Nature 455:936–943

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Terada K, Anand M, Sokol AK, et al (2007) Cryptomare magmatism 4.35 Gyr ago recorded in lunar meteorite Kalahari 009. Nature 450:849–852

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Glasgow LA (2014) Applied Mathematics for Science and Engineering. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Fong IW, Alibek K (eds) (2005) Bioterrorism and Infectious Agents: A New Dilemma for the 21st Century. Springer US, Boston, MA

A chapter in an edited book

Bacon S (2016) The Expectational Body: The Becoming of the Tortured Vampire Horde in Daybreakers. In: de Valk M (ed) Screening the Tortured Body: The Cinema as Scaffold. Palgrave Macmillan UK, London, pp 71–88

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Nanoparticle Research.

Blog post

Andrew E (2013) Researchers discover how mosquitos locate hosts’ skin for feeding. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/researchers-discover-how-mosquitos-locate-hosts-skin-feeding/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2011) Surface Transportation: Competitive Grant Programs Could Benefit from Increased Performance Focus and Better Documentation of Key Decisions. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Jin R (2017) Graph-Based Rhythm Interpretation in Optical Music Recognition. Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Woolfe Z (2017) Once Rebels, Now Institutions. New York Times C5

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Smaglik 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Rawlins and Pickering 2001; Smaglik 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Rawlins and Pickering 2001)
Three or more authors: (Terada et al. 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Nanoparticle Research
Abbreviation	J. Nanopart. Res.
ISSN (print)	1388-0764
ISSN (online)	1572-896X
Scope	Bioengineering General Chemistry General Materials Science Modelling and Simulation Condensed Matter Physics Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics