How to format your references using the Journal of Nanoparticle Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Nanoparticle Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Omelon S (2004) Graduate journal: from biochemist to engineer. Nature 427:180

A journal article with 2 authors

MacLean RC, Gudelj I (2006) Resource competition and social conflict in experimental populations of yeast. Nature 441:498–501

A journal article with 3 authors

Yang G, Pan F, Gan W-B (2009) Stably maintained dendritic spines are associated with lifelong memories. Nature 462:920–924

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Taylor SS, Hardwick KG, Sawin KE, et al (2007) Comment on “A centrosome-independent role for gamma-TuRC proteins in the spindle assembly checkpoint.” Science 316:982; author reply 982

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Svrcek WY, Mahoney DP, Young BR (2007) A Real-Time Approach to Process Control. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Freise M, Hallmann T (eds) (2014) Modernizing Democracy: Associations and Associating in the 21st Century. Springer, New York, NY

A chapter in an edited book

Uppoor RS, Vaidyanathan J, Mehta M, Yu LX (2014) Biowaiver and Biopharmaceutics Classification System. In: Yu LX, Li BV (eds) FDA Bioequivalence Standards. Springer, New York, NY, pp 119–137

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Nanoparticle Research.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) A New Generation Of Weird-Looking Space Suits Will Take Us To Mars. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/new-generation-weird-looking-space-suits-will-take-us-mars/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1986) Implementation of the Small Business Innovation Development Act of 1982. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Shore LA (2014) The anima in animation: Miyazaki heroines and post-patriarchal consciousness. Doctoral dissertation, Pacifica Graduate Institute

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley B (2015) The Man Who Fell, Looking Well. New York Times C1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Omelon 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Omelon 2004; MacLean and Gudelj 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (MacLean and Gudelj 2006)
Three or more authors: (Taylor et al. 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Nanoparticle Research
Abbreviation	J. Nanopart. Res.
ISSN (print)	1388-0764
ISSN (online)	1572-896X
Scope	Bioengineering General Chemistry General Materials Science Modelling and Simulation Condensed Matter Physics Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics