How to format your references using the Journal of Nanoparticle Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Nanoparticle Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Dyson G (2012) Turing centenary: The dawn of computing. Nature 482:459–460

A journal article with 2 authors

Oda Y, Fukuda H (2012) Initiation of cell wall pattern by a Rho- and microtubule-driven symmetry breaking. Science 337:1333–1336

A journal article with 3 authors

Jones DL, Brewster RC, Phillips R (2014) Promoter architecture dictates cell-to-cell variability in gene expression. Science 346:1533–1536

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Kurakawa T, Ueda N, Maekawa M, et al (2007) Direct control of shoot meristem activity by a cytokinin-activating enzyme. Nature 445:652–655

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Robinson N, Hall G, Fawcett W (2011) How to Survive in Anaesthesia. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Plotkin SA (ed) (2011) History of Vaccine Development. Springer, New York, NY

A chapter in an edited book

Lorini FL, Sorbara C, Cattaneo S (2012) Ultrasound Morphology of the Heart: Transesophageal Examination. In: Sarti A, Lorini FL (eds) Echocardiography for Intensivists. Springer, Milano, pp 51–59

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Nanoparticle Research.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Giant Impacts, Planet Formation And The Search For Life Elsewhere. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1975) Increased Compliance Needed With Nursing Home Health and Sanitary Standards. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Chiu Y-YL (2012) Multicultural educational policies: A correlational investigation of cultural competencies and feelings of inclusion. Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner J (2017) Returning for Friendship, and Drums. New York Times SP3

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Dyson 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Dyson 2012; Oda and Fukuda 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Oda and Fukuda 2012)
Three or more authors: (Kurakawa et al. 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Nanoparticle Research
Abbreviation	J. Nanopart. Res.
ISSN (print)	1388-0764
ISSN (online)	1572-896X
Scope	Bioengineering General Chemistry General Materials Science Modelling and Simulation Condensed Matter Physics Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics