How to format your references using the Journal of Nanoparticle Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Nanoparticle Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bonetta L (2008) Epigenomics: Detailed analysis. Nature 454:795–798

A journal article with 2 authors

Montagner JP, Ritsema J (2001) Geology. Interactions between ridges and plumes. Science 294:1472–1473

A journal article with 3 authors

Spencer JP, Dineva E, Smith LB (2009) Comment on “Infants’ perseverative search errors are induced by pragmatic misinterpretation.” Science 325:1624; author reply 1624

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Carette JE, Raaben M, Wong AC, et al (2011) Ebola virus entry requires the cholesterol transporter Niemann-Pick C1. Nature 477:340–343

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Silk RD, Lintott JW (2011) Managing Foundations and Charitable Trusts. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Cretì A (ed) (2009) The Economics of Natural Gas Storage: A European Perspective. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Sirenko K, Sirenko Y (2016) The Exact Absorbing Conditions Method in the Analysis of Open Electrodynamic Structures. In: Sirenko Y, Velychko L (eds) Electromagnetic Waves in Complex Systems: Selected Theoretical and Applied Problems. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 225–326

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Nanoparticle Research.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) This Galactic Nursery Is A Window To The Past. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/galactic-nursery-window-past/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2001) Information Technology: State Department Led Overseas Modernization Program Faces Management Challenges. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ahn M (2017) Student Perception of Language Achievement and Learner Autonomy in a Blended Korean Language Course: The Case Study of Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center. Doctoral dissertation, Northcentral University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

de la MERCED MJ (2017) Unity Technologies Agrees to Funding. New York Times B4

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Bonetta 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Montagner and Ritsema 2001; Bonetta 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Montagner and Ritsema 2001)
Three or more authors: (Carette et al. 2011)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Nanoparticle Research
Abbreviation	J. Nanopart. Res.
ISSN (print)	1388-0764
ISSN (online)	1572-896X
Scope	Bioengineering General Chemistry General Materials Science Modelling and Simulation Condensed Matter Physics Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics