How to format your references using the Journal of Memory and Language citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Memory and Language. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Pourquié, O. (2003). The segmentation clock: converting embryonic time into spatial pattern. Science (New York, N.Y.), 301(5631), 328–330.

A journal article with 2 authors

Feldmann, M., & Steinman, L. (2005). Design of effective immunotherapy for human autoimmunity. Nature, 435(7042), 612–619.

A journal article with 3 authors

Akbarzadeh, A., Qiu, C.-W., & Danner, A. J. (2013). Exploiting design freedom in biaxial dielectrics to enable spatially overlapping optical instruments. Scientific Reports, 3, 2055.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Keeling, M. J., Woolhouse, M. E., Shaw, D. J., Matthews, L., Chase-Topping, M., Haydon, D. T., Cornell, S. J., Kappey, J., Wilesmith, J., & Grenfell, B. T. (2001). Dynamics of the 2001 UK foot and mouth epidemic: stochastic dispersal in a heterogeneous landscape. Science (New York, N.Y.), 294(5543), 813–817.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Grove, L. C. (1997). Groups and Characters. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Stiefel, F. (Ed.). (2006). Communication in Cancer Care (Vol. 168). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Sun, F., Gobbel, G., Li, W., & Chen, J. (2007). Molecular Mechanisms of DNA Damage and Repair in Ischemic Neuronal Injury. In A. Lajtha & P. H. Chan (Eds.), Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology: Acute Ischemic Injury and Repair in the Nervous System (pp. 65–87). Springer US.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Memory and Language.

Blog post

Davis, J. (2017, January 26). Unlike Most Other Arachnids, Majestic Jumping Spiders Can See In Color. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/unlike-most-other-arachnids-majestic-jumping-spiders-can-see-in-color/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1985). SEOG Funds: Information on the Distribution of SEOG Funds to Students (PEMD-86-1BR). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Sanghvi, A. M. (2009). Characterization of algal biomeal for applications in food [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Maryland, College Park.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Judah, B. (2016, December 29). London rolls out the kleptocrats’ carpet. New York Times, A9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Pourquié, 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Feldmann & Steinman, 2005; Pourquié, 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Feldmann & Steinman, 2005)
Three authors: (Akbarzadeh et al., 2013)
6 or more authors: (Keeling et al., 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Memory and Language
Abbreviation	J. Mem. Lang.
ISSN (print)	0749-596X
Scope	Language and Linguistics Artificial Intelligence Experimental and Cognitive Psychology Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology Linguistics and Language