How to format your references using the Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Grady EF. Cell signaling. Beta-arrestin, a two-fisted terminator. Science. 2007;315(5812):605-606.

A journal article with 2 authors

Zegerman P, Diffley JFX. Phosphorylation of Sld2 and Sld3 by cyclin-dependent kinases promotes DNA replication in budding yeast. Nature. 2007;445(7125):281-285.

A journal article with 3 authors

Pawar S, Dell AI, Savage VM. Dimensionality of consumer search space drives trophic interaction strengths. Nature. 2012;486(7404):485-489.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Seewald MJ, Körner C, Wittinghofer A, Vetter IR. RanGAP mediates GTP hydrolysis without an arginine finger. Nature. 2002;415(6872):662-666.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hartley J. Digital Futures for Cultural and Media Studies. Wiley-Blackwell; 2011.

An edited book

Kotler P. The Quintessence of Strategic Management: What You Really Need to Know to Survive in Business. 2nd ed. 2016. (Berger R, Bickhoff N, eds.). Springer; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Specht EJ, Jones HT, Calkins KG, Rhoads DH. Incidence and Betweenness (IB). In: Jones HT, Calkins KG, Rhoads DH, eds. Euclidean Geometry and Its Subgeometries. Springer International Publishing; 2015:63-77.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences.

Blog post

Evans K. These Gorgeous “Planet Earth II” Videos Are The Best Cure For Election Anxiety. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Need for Active Alcohol Public Education Program. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1978.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Thomas LE. Youth Art Ambassadors: A Youth Participatory Action Research Project Using Social Justice to Incite Change in Classrooms Where Teachers Teach Young People of Color. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse L. Justices Take Case on Navy Use of Sonar. New York Times. June 24, 2008:A17.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences
Abbreviation	J. Med. Imaging Radiat. Sci.
ISSN (print)	1939-8654
Scope	Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging Radiological and Ultrasound Technology