How to format your references using the Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bland PA. Astronomy. Small-scale observations tell a cosmological story. Science. 2008;320(5872):61-62.

A journal article with 2 authors

Robbins DW, Hartwig JF. A simple, multidimensional approach to high-throughput discovery of catalytic reactions. Science. 2011;333(6048):1423-1427.

A journal article with 3 authors

Deng L, Shangguan ZP, Sweeney S. “Grain for Green” driven land use change and carbon sequestration on the Loess Plateau, China. Sci Rep. 2014;4:7039.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Ling HF, Gao JF, Zhao KD, Jiang SY, Ma DS. Comment on “Molybdenum isotope evidence for widespread anoxia in mid-Proterozoic oceans.” Science. 2005;309(5737):1017; author reply 1017.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Cox C. An Introduction to LTE. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2012.

An edited book

Pisan Y, Sgouros NM, Marsh T, eds. Entertainment Computing – ICEC 2014: 13th International Conference, ICEC 2014, Sydney, Australia, October 1-3, 2014. Proceedings. Vol 8770. Springer; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Bernhard P, Engwerda JC, Roorda B, et al. Fair Price Intervals. In: Engwerda JC, Roorda B, Schumacher JM, Kolokoltsov V, Saint-Pierre P, Aubin JP, eds. The Interval Market Model in Mathematical Finance: Game-Theoretic Methods. Springer; 2013:45-63.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences.

Blog post

Luntz S. Hunter-Gatherer Societies Have Three-Tiered Social Networks. IFLScience. July 21, 2016. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/hunter-gatherer-societies-have-three-tiered-social-networks/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Federal Software Licenses: Better Management Needed to Achieve Significant Savings Government-Wide. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2014.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Prochorchik VL. Increasing Infant Mental Health Awareness. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon M. Baton in This Race Is the Conductor’s. New York Times. July 22, 2014:B10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences
Abbreviation	J. Med. Imaging Radiat. Sci.
ISSN (print)	1939-8654
Scope	Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging Radiological and Ultrasound Technology