How to format your references using the Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Linder P. Molecular biology. The life of RNA with proteins. Science. 2004 Apr 30;304(5671):694–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kundu P, Pettersson S. Immunology: Mammalian watchdog targets bacteria. Nature. 2014 Aug 28;512(7515):377–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

Peng Y, Maiolino R, Cochrane R. Strangulation as the primary mechanism for shutting down star formation in galaxies. Nature. 2015 May 14;521(7551):192–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Albert BB, de Bock M, Derraik JGB, Brennan CM, Biggs JB, Hofman PL, et al. Among overweight middle-aged men, first-borns have lower insulin sensitivity than second-borns. Sci Rep. 2014 Feb 6;4:3906.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Yeakley CL, Fiebrich JD. Collaborative Process Improvement. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2015.

An edited book

Niwa M. Characterization and Design of Zeolite Catalysts: Solid Acidity, Shape Selectivity and Loading Properties. Katada N, Okumura K, editors. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010. X, 186 p. 142 illus., 24 illus. in color. (Springer Series in Materials Science; vol. 141).

A chapter in an edited book

Bhattacharya P. Data Center Monitoring. In: Joshi Y, Kumar P, editors. Energy Efficient Thermal Management of Data Centers. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2012. p. 199–236.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology.

Blog post

Carpineti A. For The First Time We Have Measured The Temperature Fluctuations Around A Black Hole [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/for-the-first-time-we-have-measured-the-temperature-fluctuations-around-a-black-hole/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Highway Congestion: Intelligent Transportation Systems’ Promise for Managing Congestion Falls Short, and DOT Could Better Facilitate Their Strategic Use. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2005 Sep. Report No.: GAO-05-943.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Qian J. Characterization of Transcription-independent APC Tumor Suppressor Function in Apoptosis [Doctoral dissertation]. [Cincinnati, OH]: University of Cincinnati; 2006.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Fernandez M, Pérez-Peña R, Montgomery D. For Human Cargo, Truck Door Closed Out the Light, and Life. New York Times. 2017 Jul 24;A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology
Abbreviation	J. Med. Imaging Radiat. Oncol.
ISSN (print)	1754-9477
ISSN (online)	1754-9485
Scope	Oncology Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging