How to format your references using the Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lewis SL. Scientist-versus-activist debates mislead the public. Nature. 2014 Feb 27;506(7489):409.

A journal article with 2 authors

Costello EK, Relman DA. Population health: immaturity in the gut microbial community. Nature. 2014 Jun 19;510(7505):344–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

Casanova-Sáez R, Candela H, Micol JL. Combined haploinsufficiency and purifying selection drive retention of RPL36a paralogs in Arabidopsis. Sci Rep. 2014 Feb 18;4:4122.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Jiang Q, Karata K, Woodgate R, Cox MM, Goodman MF. The active form of DNA polymerase V is UmuD’(2)C-RecA-ATP. Nature. 2009 Jul 16;460(7253):359–63.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Guochao Q, Shuyu T, Min Z, Chun J. The Environment and Landscape in Motorway Design. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

Blazy S, Chechik M, editors. Verified Software. Theories, Tools, and Experiments: 8th International Conference, VSTTE 2016, Toronto, ON, Canada, July 17–18, 2016, Revised Selected Papers. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. XIV, 199 p. 36 illus. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; vol. 9971).

A chapter in an edited book

Chizzolini B. National and Regional Econometric Models. In: Camagni R, Chizzolini B, Fratesi U, editors. Modelling Regional Scenarios for the Enlarged Europe: European Competiveness and Global Strategies. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008. p. 69–82. (Advances in Spatial Science).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology.

Blog post

Andrew E. Supernova Core Imaged For the First Time. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. The F-14/PHOENIX Aircraft Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1973 Apr. Report No.: 093802.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Julfayan-Gregorian V. Success Strategies of First-Generation Foreign-Born Leaders [Doctoral dissertation]. [Malibu, CA]: Pepperdine University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Lyman R, Walsh MW. Police Salaries and Pensions Push California City to Brink. New York Times. 2013 Dec 28;A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology
Abbreviation	J. Med. Imaging Radiat. Oncol.
ISSN (print)	1754-9477
ISSN (online)	1754-9485
Scope	Oncology Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging