How to format your references using the Journal of Medical Case Reports citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Medical Case Reports. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Schmidt C. Immunology: Another shot at cancer. Nature. 2015;527:S105-7.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Khoury MJ, Ioannidis JPA. Medicine. Big data meets public health. Science. 2014;346:1054–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Sun J-Y, Wu X-S, Wu L-G. Single and multiple vesicle fusion induce different rates of endocytosis at a central synapse. Nature. 2002;417:555–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Schulman BA, Carrano AC, Jeffrey PD, Bowen Z, Kinnucan ER, Finnin MS, et al. Insights into SCF ubiquitin ligases from the structure of the Skp1-Skp2 complex. Nature. 2000;408:381–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Kodama KP, Hinnov LA. Rock Magnetic Cyclostratigraphy. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

1. Belzen JA, editor. Psychology of Religion: Autobiographical Accounts. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Friedman DD, Deutsch S, Ertegun L, Carlson S, Estrada M, Sturgeon M, et al. Becoming BabyWatchers: An Attachment-Based Video Intervention in a Community Mental Health Center. In: Bettmann JE, Demetri Friedman D, editors. Attachment-Based Clinical Work with Children and Adolescents. New York, NY: Springer; 2013. p. 99–114.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Medical Case Reports.

Blog post

1. Carpineti C. How Much Does Your Personality Change When You Drink? [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/how-much-does-your-personality-change-when-you-drink/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Year 2000 Computing Challenge: Important Progress Made, But Much Work Remains to Avoid Disruption of Critical Services. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1999 Aug. Report No.: T-AIMD-99-267.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Stanton B. On location: Race and family in the poetry of Sonia Sanchez, June Jordan, and Cathy Song [Doctoral dissertation]. [Bloomington, IN]: Indiana University; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Verghese A. Worried Sick. New York Times. 2014 Nov 4;MM13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Medical Case Reports
Abbreviation	J. Med. Case Rep.
ISSN (online)	1752-1947
Scope	General Medicine