How to format your references using the Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kacprzak, G. G. (2011). Astronomy. The pristine universe. Science (New York, N.Y.), 334(6060), 1216–1217.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ptashne, M., & Gann, A. (2003). Signal transduction. Imposing specificity on kinases. Science (New York, N.Y.), 299(5609), 1025–1027.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bußhardt, P., Kunze, D., & Gorb, S. N. (2014). Interlocking-based attachment during locomotion in the beetle Pachnoda marginata (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae). Scientific reports, 4, 6998.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Yin, Y., Liu, Y.-X., Jin, Y. J., Hall, E. J., & Barrett, J. C. (2003). PAC1 phosphatase is a transcription target of p53 in signalling apoptosis and growth suppression. Nature, 422(6931), 527–531.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lundberg, U., & Cooper, C. L. (2010). The Science of Occupational Health. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.

An edited book

Altman, C. (2011). Reciprocity, Spatial Mapping and Time Reversal in Electromagnetics. (K. Suchy, Ed.). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Horwich, A., & Ross, G. (2008). Circulating Tumor Markers. In M. H. Bronchud, M. A. Foote, G. Giaccone, O. Olopade, & P. Workman (Eds.), Principles of Molecular Oncology (pp. 107–116). Totowa, NJ: Humana Press.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering.

Blog post

Luntz, S. (2016, December 16). Santa Claus Mysteries Explained With Theory Of Relativity, Sort Of. IFLScience. IFLScience. Retrieved October 30, 2018, from

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2001). Abstracts of Reports and Testimony: Fiscal Year 2000 (No. GAO-01-558SP). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Duffy, B. (2012). Analytical Methods and Perturbation Theory for the Elliptic Restricted Three-Body Problem of Astrodynamics (Doctoral dissertation). George Washington University, Washington, DC.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Marx, L. (2015, July 12). Designing a Lasting Partnership. New York Times, p. ST13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering
Abbreviation	J. Med. Biol. Eng.
ISSN (print)	1609-0985
ISSN (online)	2199-4757
Scope	Biomedical Engineering General Medicine