How to format your references using the Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Padyukov, L. (2010). Journal club. A human geneticist explores genetic diversity in Asia. Nature, 464(7289), 653.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rieder, C. L., & Khodjakov, A. (2003). Mitosis through the microscope: advances in seeing inside live dividing cells. Science (New York, N.Y.), 300(5616), 91–96.

A journal article with 3 authors

Naeem, S., Duffy, J. E., & Zavaleta, E. (2012). The functions of biological diversity in an age of extinction. Science (New York, N.Y.), 336(6087), 1401–1406.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Müller-Navarra, D. C., Brett, M. T., Park, S., Chandra, S., Ballantyne, A. P., Zorita, E., & Goldman, C. R. (2004). Unsaturated fatty acid content in seston and tropho-dynamic coupling in lakes. Nature, 427(6969), 69–72.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Happer, W., Jau, Y.-Y., & Walker, T. (2010). Optically Pumped Atoms. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Griffiths, T. G., & Millei, Z. (Eds.). (2013). Logics of Socialist Education: Engaging with Crisis, Insecurity and Uncertainty (Vol. 24). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Cabrera Rivera, L., Vilches-Blázquez, L. M., Torres-Ruiz, M., & Moreno Ibarra, M. A. (2015). Semantic Recommender System for Touristic Context Based on Linked Data. In V. Popovich, C. Claramunt, M. Schrenk, K. Korolenko, & J. Gensel (Eds.), Information Fusion and Geographic Information Systems (IF&GIS’ 2015): Deep Virtualization for Mobile GIS (pp. 77–89). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2014, December 2). 10 Things You Didn’t Know About Vaginas. IFLScience. IFLScience. Retrieved October 30, 2018, from https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-vaginas/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1994). [Comments on DOD Data Center Consolidation Plan] (No. B-254086). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Frantz, D. E. (2014). The effects of Aroclor 1254 on the reproductive function of male round stingrays (Urobatis halleri) (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Folkers, K. M. (2016, August 20). The Millennials’ S.T.D.? New York Times, p. SR5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering
Abbreviation	J. Med. Biol. Eng.
ISSN (print)	1609-0985
ISSN (online)	2199-4757
Scope	Biomedical Engineering General Medicine