How to format your references using the Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Scott, W. G. (2014). Structural biology: How fluorescent RNA gets its glow. Nature, 513(7516), 42–43.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bradshaw, G. A., & Finlay, B. L. (2005). Natural symmetry. Nature, 435(7039), 149.

A journal article with 3 authors

Sousa-Nunes, R., Yee, L. L., & Gould, A. P. (2011). Fat cells reactivate quiescent neuroblasts via TOR and glial insulin relays in Drosophila. Nature, 471(7339), 508–512.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Ci, T., Chen, L., Yu, L., & Ding, J. (2014). Tumor regression achieved by encapsulating a moderately soluble drug into a polymeric thermogel. Scientific reports, 4, 5473.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Martin, J. E. (2013). Physics for Radiation Protection. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Dellaert, F., Frahm, J.-M., Pollefeys, M., Leal-Taixé, L., & Rosenhahn, B. (Eds.). (2012). Outdoor and Large-Scale Real-World Scene Analysis: 15th International Workshop on Theoretical Foundations of Computer Vision, Dagstuhl Castle, Germany, June 26 - July 1, 2011. Revised Selected Papers (Vol. 7474). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Sellitto, A., Cimmelli, V. A., & Jou, D. (2016). Mesoscopic Description of Effective Thermal Conductivity in Porous Systems, Nanocomposites and Nanofluids. In V. A. Cimmelli & D. Jou (Eds.), Mesoscopic Theories of Heat Transport in Nanosystems (pp. 91–108). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering.

Blog post

Luntz, S. (2016, June 14). Rising Seas Due To Climate Change Claim Their First Mammal Species. IFLScience. IFLScience. Retrieved October 30, 2018, from https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/rising-seas-due-to-climate-change-claim-their-first-mammal-species/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1973). Review of Selected Aspects of the Bilingual Education Program (No. B-164031(1)). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Henning, J. N. (2014). Top ten effective community college board trustees self-perceived leadership attributes (Doctoral dissertation). Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Casey, N. (2016, March 31). Rebel Group in Colombia Enters Talks. New York Times, p. A10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering
Abbreviation	J. Med. Biol. Eng.
ISSN (print)	1609-0985
ISSN (online)	2199-4757
Scope	Biomedical Engineering General Medicine