How to format your references using the Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lengauer, C. (2003). Cancer. An unstable liaison. Science (New York, N.Y.), 300(5618), 442–443.

A journal article with 2 authors

Verchère, A., & Menon, A. K. (2015). Structural biology: Lipid gymnastics. Nature, 524(7566), 420–422.

A journal article with 3 authors

Patt, A. G., Ogallo, L., & Hellmuth, M. (2007). Sustainability. Learning from 10 years of climate outlook forums in Africa. Science (New York, N.Y.), 318(5847), 49–50.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Pryor, W. R., Rymer, A. M., Mitchell, D. G., Hill, T. W., Young, D. T., Saur, J., … Zhou, X. (2011). The auroral footprint of Enceladus on Saturn. Nature, 472(7343), 331–333.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Niles, J. D. (2016). Old English Literature. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Velazco, R., Fouillat, P., & Reis, R. (Eds.). (2007). Radiation Effects on Embedded Systems. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Šmehilová, M., & Spíchal, L. (2014). The Biotechnological Potential of Cytokinin Status Manipulation. In P. Nick & Z. Opatrny (Eds.), Applied Plant Cell Biology: Cellular Tools and Approaches for Plant Biotechnology (pp. 103–130). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, March 25). New Vaccine Could Protect Chimps And Gorillas From Ebola. IFLScience. IFLScience. Retrieved October 30, 2018, from https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/new-vaccine-could-protect-chimps-and-gorillas-ebola/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2002). Science And Technology: Air Force’s Planning Process Meets Statutory Requirement (No. GAO-02-273). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Azios, M. (2017). The College Experience of Stuttering: An Ethnographic Study (Doctoral dissertation). University of Louisiana, Lafayette, LA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, S. (2003, November 1). Op-Art. New York Times, p. A15.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering
Abbreviation	J. Med. Biol. Eng.
ISSN (print)	1609-0985
ISSN (online)	2199-4757
Scope	Biomedical Engineering General Medicine