How to format your references using the Journal of Lightwave Technology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Lightwave Technology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

C. Neylon, “Science publishing: Open access must enable open use,” Nature, vol. 492, no. 7429, pp. 348–349, Dec. 2012.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

O.-H. Kwon and A. H. Zewail, “4D electron tomography,” Science, vol. 328, no. 5986, pp. 1668–1673, Jun. 2010.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

L. Persha, A. Agrawal, and A. Chhatre, “Social and ecological synergy: local rulemaking, forest livelihoods, and biodiversity conservation,” Science, vol. 331, no. 6024, pp. 1606–1608, Mar. 2011.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

O. M. Auslaender, A. Yacoby, R. de Picciotto, K. W. Baldwin, L. N. Pfeiffer, and K. W. West, “Tunneling spectroscopy of the elementary excitations in a one-dimensional wire,” Science, vol. 295, no. 5556, pp. 825–828, Feb. 2002.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

P. Weston, Bioinformatics Software Engineering. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2006.

An edited book

[1]

J. R. Birge, Introduction to Stochastic Programming. in Springer Series in Operations Research and Financial Engineering. New York, NY: Springer, 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

C. Jacob, S. Steil, and K. Bergmann, “The Swarming Body: Simulating the Decentralized Defenses of Immunity,” in Artificial Immune Systems: 5th International Conference, ICARIS 2006, Oeiras, Portugal, September 4-6, 2006. Proceedings, H. Bersini and J. Carneiro, Eds., in Lecture Notes in Computer Science. , Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2006, pp. 52–65.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Lightwave Technology.

Blog post

[1]

J. Fang, “Scientists Measure Rare Black Hole 400x The Size Of Our Sun,” IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, “Federal Research: Small Business Innovation Research Shows Success but Can Be Strengthened,” U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, RCED-92-37, Mar. 1992.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

P. M. McGrath, “Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act of 2008: A policy analysis,” Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

K. Feeney, “QUICK BITE/Chatham; A Cupful Of Vienna,” New York Times, p. 14NJ21, Jun. 11, 2006.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1], [2].
This sentence cites four references [1], [2], [3], [4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Lightwave Technology
Abbreviation	J. Lightwave Technol.
ISSN (print)	0733-8724
Scope	Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics