How to format your references using the Journal of Lightwave Technology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Lightwave Technology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

W. Aspinall, “A route to more tractable expert advice,” Nature, vol. 463, no. 7279, pp. 294–295, Jan. 2010.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

S. J. Davis and C. Shearer, “Climate change: A crack in the natural-gas bridge,” Nature, vol. 514, no. 7523, pp. 436–437, Oct. 2014.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

S. Mabe, T. Nagamune, and M. Kawahara, “Detecting protein-protein interactions based on kinase-mediated growth induction of mammalian cells,” Sci. Rep., vol. 4, p. 6127, Aug. 2014.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

K. Lou, S.-X. Qian, Z.-C. Ren, C. Tu, Y. Li, and H.-T. Wang, “Femtosecond laser processing by using patterned vector optical fields,” Sci. Rep., vol. 3, p. 2281, 2013.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

L. Simon and J. Ospina, Closed-Form Solutions for Drug Transport through Controlled-Release Devices in Two and Three Dimensions. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2015.

An edited book

[1]

S. J. Rzoska and V. A. Mazur, Eds., Soft Matter under Exogenic Impacts, vol. 242. in NATO Science Series II: Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry, vol. 242. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

A. Lahiry, A. Datta, and S. Tripathy, “Active and Entire Candidate Sector Channel Utilization Based Close Loop Antenna Array Amplitude Control Technique for UMTS and CDMA Networks to Counter Non Uniform Cell Breathing,” in Intelligent Systems Technologies and Applications: Volume 2, S. Berretti, S. M. Thampi, and S. Dasgupta, Eds., in Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. , Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016, pp. 33–44.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Lightwave Technology.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, “Witness A Deaf Woman Hear For The First Time,” IFLScience. Accessed: Oct. 30, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/witness-deaf-woman-hear-first-time/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, “Public Transportation: Preliminary Analysis of Changes to and Trends in FTA’s New Starts and Small Starts Programs,” U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, GAO-07-812T, May 2007.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

C. P. Sherman, “The effect of head and heart on municipal employee retention,” Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, 2001.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

S. Kishkovsky, “Valentin Rasputin, ‘Village Prose’ Leader, Dies at 77,” New York Times, p. A25, Mar. 19, 2015.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1], [2].
This sentence cites four references [1], [2], [3], [4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Lightwave Technology
Abbreviation	J. Lightwave Technol.
ISSN (print)	0733-8724
Scope	Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics