How to format your references using the Journal of Individual Differences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Individual Differences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Melton, L. (2005). Imaging: the big picture. Nature, 437(7059), 775–779.

A journal article with 2 authors

Becher, O. J., & Wechsler-Reya, R. J. (2014). Cancer. For pediatric glioma, leave no histone unturned. Science (New York, N.Y.), 346(6216), 1458–1459.

A journal article with 3 authors

Tasker, S. Z., Standley, E. A., & Jamison, T. F. (2014). Recent advances in homogeneous nickel catalysis. Nature, 509(7500), 299–309.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Schurger, A., Pereira, F., Treisman, A., & Cohen, J. D. (2010). Reproducibility distinguishes conscious from nonconscious neural representations. Science (New York, N.Y.), 327(5961), 97–99.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

German Geotechnical Society. (2012). Recommendations for Design and Analysis of Earth Structures using Geosynthetic Reinforcements - EBGEO. Ernst & Sohn Verlag für Architektur und technische Wissenschaften GmbH & Co. KG.

An edited book

Bellur, V. V. (Ed.). (2015). Marketing Horizons: A 1980’s Perspective: Proceedings of the 1980 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference. Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Chang, J. T. (2016). Gene Expression Models of Signaling Pathways. In J. Wu (Ed.), Transcriptomics and Gene Regulation (pp. 99–113). Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Individual Differences.

Blog post

Luntz, S. (2014, August 28). Physicists Have A New Theory On How The Egyptians Built The Pyramids. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/physicists-have-new-theory-how-egyptians-built-pyramids/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1977). Need for Additional Internal Audit Coverage in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (FGMSD-78-12). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

McCarty, A. (2012). Measuring the impact of training in the implementation of project management information systems [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Maryland, College Park.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gorman, J. (2016, December 5). Size Matters: Secrets of the Orchid Mantis. New York Times, D2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Melton, 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Becher & Wechsler-Reya, 2014; Melton, 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Becher & Wechsler-Reya, 2014)
Three authors: (Tasker et al., 2014)
6 or more authors: (Schurger et al., 2010)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Individual Differences
Abbreviation	J. Individ. Differ.
ISSN (print)	1614-0001
ISSN (online)	2151-2299
Scope	Biological Psychiatry General Psychology

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