How to format your references using the Journal of Individual Differences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Individual Differences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Brenner, M. P. (2000). Fluid mechanics. Jets from a singular surface. Nature, 403(6768), 377–378.

A journal article with 2 authors

May, M., & Brody, H. (2015). Nature index 2015 Asia-Pacific. Nature, 519(7544), S49.

A journal article with 3 authors

Waterhouse, P. M., Wang, M. B., & Lough, T. (2001). Gene silencing as an adaptive defence against viruses. Nature, 411(6839), 834–842.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Hasegawa, Y., Loidl, R., Badurek, G., Baron, M., & Rauch, H. (2003). Violation of a Bell-like inequality in single-neutron interferometry. Nature, 425(6953), 45–48.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Iyengar, S. S., Parameshwaran, N., Phoha, V. V., Balakrishnan, N., & Okoye, C. D. (2010). Fundamentals of Sensor Network Programming. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Rogach, A. L. (Ed.). (2008). Semiconductor Nanocrystal Quantum Dots: Synthesis, Assembly, Spectroscopy and Applications. Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Braff, M. H., & Gallo, R. L. (2006). Antimicrobial Peptides: An Essential Component of the Skin Defensive Barrier. In W. M. Shafer (Ed.), Antimicrobial Peptides and Human Disease (pp. 91–110). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Individual Differences.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, J. (2016, August 19). Watch Live As Two Astronauts Perform A Spacewalk On The ISS Today. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/watch-live-astronauts-spacewalk-iss-today/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1996). Northeast Rail Corridor: Information on Users, Funding Sources, and Expenditures (RCED-96-144). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kim, M. (2010). Adult ESL Korean readers’ responses about their reading in L1 Korean and L2 English [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey, G. (2010, May 8). Walking Tentatively In Protesters’ Shoes. New York Times, D1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Brenner, 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Brenner, 2000; May & Brody, 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (May & Brody, 2015)
Three or more authors: (Hasegawa et al., 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Individual Differences
Abbreviation	J. Individ. Differ.
ISSN (print)	1614-0001
ISSN (online)	2151-2299
Scope	Biological Psychiatry General Psychology