How to format your references using the Journal of Hospital Infection citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Hospital Infection. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

PaperpileThe citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNoteDownload the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and othersThe style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeXBibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author
[1]
May T. Isolation is not the answer. Nature 2004;429:603.
A journal article with 2 authors
[1]
Lerner J, Tirole J. Intellectual property. A better route to tech standards. Science 2014;343:972–3.
A journal article with 3 authors
[1]
Collins SH, Wiggin MB, Sawicki GS. Reducing the energy cost of human walking using an unpowered exoskeleton. Nature 2015;522:212–5.
A journal article with 7 or more authors
[1]
Zhang J, Kaasik K, Blackburn MR, Lee CC. Constant darkness is a circadian metabolic signal in mammals. Nature 2006;439:340–3.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book
[1]
Simmons M, Dalgleish E. Corporate Actions. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 2006.
An edited book
[1]
Grant E, Kotzinos D, Laurent D, Spyratos N, Tanaka Y, editors. Information Search, Integration, and Personalization: 10th International Workshop, ISIP 2015, Grand Forks, ND, USA, October 1-2, 2015, Revised Selected Papers. vol. 622. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.
A chapter in an edited book
[1]
Köhn H. Jewish Life in Camps after 1945. Displaced Persons Camps in the US Zone of Germany. In: Hoppe A, editor. Catastrophes: Views from Natural and Human Sciences, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016, p. 63–80.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Hospital Infection.

Blog post
[1]
Andrew E. First “Super Moon” Of The Year Will Be Visible July 12. IFLScience 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report
[1]
Government Accountability Office. Automated Information Systems Security in Federal Civil Agencies. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1985.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation
[1]
Ciolek R. A Mixed Method Study on the Missouri Beginning Teachers Assistance Program and Teacher Retention in Saint Louis School Districts. Doctoral dissertation. Lindenwood University, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article
[1]
Sisario B. Concord Bicycle Music Buying Imagem Music. New York Times 2017:B6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal titleJournal of Hospital Infection
AbbreviationJ. Hosp. Infect.
ISSN (print)0195-6701
ScopeGeneral Medicine
Infectious Diseases
Microbiology (medical)

Other styles