How to format your references using the Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Archibald, J. M. 2015. “Evolution: Gene transfer in complex cells.” Nature, 524 (7566): 423–424.

A journal article with 2 authors

Seder, R. A., and A. V. Hill. 2000. “Vaccines against intracellular infections requiring cellular immunity.” Nature, 406 (6797): 793–798.

A journal article with 3 authors

Donner, S. D., M. Kandlikar, and H. Zerriffi. 2011. “Environment and development. Preparing to manage climate change financing.” Science, 334 (6058): 908–909.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Poinar, H., S. Fiedel, C. E. King, A. M. Devault, K. Bos, M. Kuch, and R. Debruyne. 2009. “Comment on ‘DNA from pre-Clovis human coprolites in Oregon, North America.’” Science, 325 (5937): 148; author reply 148.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hannam, J. 2017. What Everyone Needs to Know about Tax. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Gabriel, E. A., and S. A. Gabriel (Eds.). 2013. Inflammatory Response in Cardiovascular Surgery. London: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Guggeis, M. 2014. “Multilingualism in the European Union Decision-Making Process.” Criminal Proceedings, Languages and the European Union: Linguistic and Legal Issues, F. Ruggieri, ed., 45–56. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste.

Blog post

Carpineti, A. 2016. “New Telescope Will Help Look For Gamma Rays.” IFLScience. IFLScience. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/space/new-telescope-will-help-look-for-gamma-rays/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2006. Media Contracts: Activities and Financial Obligations for Seven Federal Departments. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Shabalin, A. A. 2010. “Detection of low rank signals in noise and fast correlation mining with applications to large biological data.” Doctoral dissertation. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kanter, J., A. E. Kramer, and S. Reed. 2017. “Gazprom Makes Concessions to E.U., Defusing an Antitrust Standoff.” New York Times, March 13, 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Archibald 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Archibald 2015; Seder and Hill 2000).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Seder and Hill 2000)
Three or more authors: (Poinar et al. 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Abbreviation	J. Hazard. Toxic Radioact. Waste
ISSN (print)	2153-5493
ISSN (online)	2153-5515
Scope	General Chemical Engineering Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology Environmental Chemistry Environmental Engineering Waste Management and Disposal Water Science and Technology