How to format your references using the Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Yang, X. 2004. “An embryonic nation.” Nature, 428 (6979): 210–212.

A journal article with 2 authors

Labinger, J. A., and J. E. Bercaw. 2002. “Understanding and exploiting C-H bond activation.” Nature, 417 (6888): 507–514.

A journal article with 3 authors

Howes, P. D., R. Chandrawati, and M. M. Stevens. 2014. “Bionanotechnology. Colloidal nanoparticles as advanced biological sensors.” Science, 346 (6205): 1247390.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Glenner, H., P. F. Thomsen, M. B. Hebsgaard, M. V. Sørensen, and E. Willerslev. 2006. “Evolution. The origin of insects.” Science, 314 (5807): 1883–1884.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gupta, S. K. 2010. Modern Hydrology and Sustainable Water Development. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Singh Saharan, G. 2016. Alternaria Diseases of Crucifers: Biology, Ecology and Disease Management. (N. Mehta and P. D. Meena, eds.). Singapore: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Vanacken, L., E. Cuppens, T. Clerckx, and K. Coninx. 2007. “Extending a Dialog Model with Contextual Knowledge.” Task Models and Diagrams for User Interface Design: 6th International Workshop, TAMODIA 2007, Toulouse, France, November 7-9, 2007. Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, M. Winckler, H. Johnson, and P. Palanque, eds., 28–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste.

Blog post

Andrew, E. 2015. “What Does The Discovery Of Liquid Salty Water On Mars Mean For The Search For Life?” IFLScience. IFLScience. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/space/does-discovery-liquid-salty-water-mars-mean-we-will-find-life/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2014. Information Technology: HUD’s Expenditure Plan Satisfied Statutory Conditions; Sustained Controls and Modernization Approach Needed. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Seymour, C. R. 2017. “Natives Versus Exotics and Grasses Versus Forbs: A Long-Term Study of Vegetation in La Jolla Valley.” Doctoral dissertation. Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Williams, J. 2016. “Reading Toward Recovery.” New York Times, September 4, 2016.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Yang 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Labinger and Bercaw 2002; Yang 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Labinger and Bercaw 2002)
Three or more authors: (Glenner et al. 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Abbreviation	J. Hazard. Toxic Radioact. Waste
ISSN (print)	2153-5493
ISSN (online)	2153-5515
Scope	General Chemical Engineering Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology Environmental Chemistry Environmental Engineering Waste Management and Disposal Water Science and Technology