How to format your references using the Journal of Hand and Microsurgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Hand and Microsurgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Alexander RM (2005) Physiology. Walking made simple. Science 308:58–59

A journal article with 2 authors

Giles J, Knight J (2003) Dolly’s death leaves researchers woolly on clone ageing issue. Nature 421:776

A journal article with 3 authors

Sharma B, Mandani S, Sarma TK (2013) Biogenic growth of alloys and core-shell nanostructures using urease as a nanoreactor at ambient conditions. Sci Rep 3:2601

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Asara JM, Schweitzer MH, Freimark LM, et al (2007) Protein sequences from mastodon and Tyrannosaurus rex revealed by mass spectrometry. Science 316:280–285

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Paret D (2016) Design Constraints for NFC Devices. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Pereira LC, Haeusler EH, de Paiva V (2014) Advances in Natural Deduction: A Celebration of Dag Prawitz’s Work. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht

A chapter in an edited book

Singh G, Eian M, Willassen SY, Mjølsnes SF (2011) Detecting Intermediary Hosts by TCP Latency Measurements. In: Baggili I (ed) Digital Forensics and Cyber Crime: Second International ICST Conference, ICDF2C 2010, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, October 4-6, 2010, Revised Selected Papers. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 38–54

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Hand and Microsurgery.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) 9 Animal “Facts” Everyone Gets Wrong. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/10-animal-facts-we-still-get-wrong/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2001) Quality Assurance: The Fastener Quality Act’s Small-Lot Exemption. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mendoza-Williams J (2015) Road to success: The experiences of academically successful graduation-bound African American males. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Shear MD, Thrush G, Haberman M (2017) Trump Response To Violent Rally Shocks His Allies. New York Times A1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Hand and Microsurgery
Abbreviation	J. Hand Microsurg.
ISSN (print)	0974-3227
ISSN (online)	0974-6897
Scope