How to format your references using the Journal of Hand and Microsurgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Hand and Microsurgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Desiraju GR (2012) Policy: Bold strategies for Indian science. Nature 484:159–160

A journal article with 2 authors

Weimerskirch H, Wilson RP (2000) Oceanic respite for wandering albatrosses. Nature 406:955–956

A journal article with 3 authors

Bouvier F, Dogbo O, Camara B (2003) Biosynthesis of the food and cosmetic plant pigment bixin (annatto). Science 300:2089–2091

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Li Y, Balédent V, Barisić N, et al (2008) Unusual magnetic order in the pseudogap region of the superconductor HgBa2CuO4+delta. Nature 455:372–375

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Loriaux DL (2016) A Biographical History of Endocrinology. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Sen S (2016) Diabetes Mellitus in 21st Century. Springer, Singapore

A chapter in an edited book

Todor DA (2016) Balloon Brachytherapy Physics. In: Montemaggi P, Trombetta M, Brady LW (eds) Brachytherapy: An International Perspective. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 41–60

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Hand and Microsurgery.

Blog post

Luntz S (2016) Dinosaur-Like Features Appeared Millions Of Years Before Actual Dinosaurs. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/dinosaurlike-features-appeared-millions-of-years-before-actual-dinosaurs/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2014) Indian Affairs: Bureau of Indian Education Needs to Improve Oversight of School Spending. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Phongprasert AV (2010) MSW students’ perceived knowledge and perceptions of effectiveness of the child welfare system. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly MA (2003) BUSINESS TRAVEL: ON THE GROUND -- Paris; A City of Good Food, Fashion and Corporate Drama. New York Times C8

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Hand and Microsurgery
Abbreviation	J. Hand Microsurg.
ISSN (print)	0974-3227
ISSN (online)	0974-6897
Scope