How to format your references using the Journal of Graphic Novels and Comics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Graphic Novels and Comics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Cyranoski, David. 2008. “Singapore Surges Upwards.” Nature 455 (7216): 1144–1146.

A journal article with 2 authors

Waitukaitis, Scott R., and Heinrich M. Jaeger. 2012. “Impact-Activated Solidification of Dense Suspensions via Dynamic Jamming Fronts.” Nature 487 (7406): 205–209.

A journal article with 3 authors

Sogo, José M., Massimo Lopes, and Marco Foiani. 2002. “Fork Reversal and SsDNA Accumulation at Stalled Replication Forks Owing to Checkpoint Defects.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 297 (5581): 599–602.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Doiron-Leyraud, N., I. R. Walker, L. Taillefer, M. J. Steiner, S. R. Julian, and G. G. Lonzarich. 2003. “Fermi-Liquid Breakdown in the Paramagnetic Phase of a Pure Metal.” Nature 425 (6958): 595–599.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Stolarski, T. A., and S. Tobe. 2000. Rolling Contacts. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Washio, Takashi, and Jun Luo, eds. 2013. Emerging Trends in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining: PAKDD 2012 International Workshops: DMHM, GeoDoc, 3Clust, and DSDM, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, May 29 – June 1, 2012, Revised Selected Papers. Vol. 7769. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Bodea, Constanta-Nicoleta. 2009. “Project Management Competences Development Using an Ontology-Based e-Learning Platform.” In Visioning and Engineering the Knowledge Society. A Web Science Perspective: Second World Summit on the Knowledge Society, WSKS 2009, Chania, Crete, Greece, September 16-18, 2009. Proceedings, edited by Miltiadis D. Lytras, Ernesto Damiani, John M. Carroll, Robert D. Tennyson, David Avison, Ambjörn Naeve, Adrian Dale, et al., 31–39. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Graphic Novels and Comics.

Blog post

Andrew, Danielle. 2017. “We’ve Created A New Vibration-Proof ‘Metamaterial’ That Could Save Premature Babies’ Lives.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/weve-created-a-new-vibrationproof-metamaterial-that-could-save-premature-babies-lives/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1984. OMB Needs To More Fully Consider Government-Wide Implications in Its Telecommunications Initiatives. IMTEC-84-21. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Luna, Angela C. 2009. “Analysis of the California Mental Health Services Act.” Doctoral dissertation, Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Shear, Michael D., and Charlie Savage. 2017. “White House Lands 3 Punches Against Gay Rights in One Day.” New York Times, July 28.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Cyranoski 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Cyranoski 2008; Waitukaitis and Jaeger 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Waitukaitis and Jaeger 2012)
Three authors: (Sogo, Lopes, and Foiani 2002)
4 or more authors: (Doiron-Leyraud et al. 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Graphic Novels and Comics
ISSN (print)	2150-4857
ISSN (online)	2150-4865
Scope	Literature and Literary Theory Visual Arts and Performing Arts