How to format your references using the Journal of Gerontological Nursing citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Gerontological Nursing. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lawler A. Archaeology. America’s lost city. Science. 2011;334(6063):1618-1623.

A journal article with 2 authors

Canup RM, Ward WR. A common mass scaling for satellite systems of gaseous planets. Nature. 2006;441(7095):834-839.

A journal article with 3 authors

Inaba M, Buszczak M, Yamashita YM. Nanotubes mediate niche-stem-cell signalling in the Drosophila testis. Nature. 2015;523(7560):329-332.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Chandramohanadas R, Davis PH, Beiting DP, et al. Apicomplexan parasites co-opt host calpains to facilitate their escape from infected cells. Science. 2009;324(5928):794-797.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Dubin D. Numerical and Analytical Methods for Scientists and Engineers, Using Mathematica. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2005.

An edited book

Aleven V, Kay J, Mostow J, eds. Intelligent Tutoring Systems: 10th International Conference, ITS 2010, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, June 14-18, 2010, Proceedings, Part I. Vol 6094. Springer; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

Ascher W, Mirovitskaya N. Grabbing Assets and Opportunities. In: Mirovitskaya N, ed. Development Strategies and Inter-Group Violence: Insights on Conflict-Sensitive Development. Palgrave Macmillan US; 2016:81-94.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Gerontological Nursing.

Blog post

Luntz S. Why Do Europeans Have White Skin? IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Commercial Space: FAA Should Examine How to Appropriately Regulate Space Support Vehicles. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2016.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Niedringhaus B. Best Practice in Early Reading Intervention: Implementing a Reading Intervention Program to Reach Below Level Readers. Doctoral dissertation. Lindenwood University; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hubbard B. How Did Yoda End Up With a King? New York Times. September 21, 2017:A12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Gerontological Nursing
Abbreviation	J. Gerontol. Nurs.
ISSN (print)	0098-9134
ISSN (online)	1938-243X
Scope	Gerontology