How to format your references using the Journal of Gerontological Nursing citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Gerontological Nursing. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Macilwain C. Time to cry out for academic freedom. Nature. 2015;527(7578):277.

A journal article with 2 authors

Shen B, Goodman HM. Uridine addition after microRNA-directed cleavage. Science. 2004;306(5698):997.

A journal article with 3 authors

Fu Q, Saltsburg H, Flytzani-Stephanopoulos M. Active nonmetallic Au and Pt species on ceria-based water-gas shift catalysts. Science. 2003;301(5635):935-938.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Lu QB, Wo Y, Wang LY, et al. Molecular epidemiology of human rhinovirus in children with acute respiratory diseases in Chongqing, China. Sci Rep. 2014;4:6686.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bouchet O. Wireless Optical Communications. John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2012.

An edited book

Clark JA, Paige RF, Polack FAC, Brooke PJ, eds. Security in Pervasive Computing: Third International Conference, SPC 2006, York, UK, April 18-21, 2006. Proceedings. Vol 3934. Springer; 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

Drescher M, Buse LJ, Perera AH, Ouellette MR. Eliciting Expert Knowledge of Forest Succession Using an Innovative Software Tool. In: Perera AH, Drew CA, Johnson CJ, eds. Expert Knowledge and Its Application in Landscape Ecology. Springer; 2012:69-85.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Gerontological Nursing.

Blog post

Andrew E. Watch As Great White Shark Steals Bag of Chum From Boat. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Implementation of the Beach Act of 2000: EPA and States Have Made Progress, but Additional Actions Could Improve Public Health Protection. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2007.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Tovar B. A Drug and Alcohol Education and Prevention Program for Hispanic Families: A Grant Proposal. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse L. Second Hearing on Detroit Drug-Search Case Shows Deep Divisions on Supreme Court. New York Times. May 19, 2006:A20.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Gerontological Nursing
Abbreviation	J. Gerontol. Nurs.
ISSN (print)	0098-9134
ISSN (online)	1938-243X
Scope	Gerontology