How to format your references using the Journal of Gerontological Nursing citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Gerontological Nursing. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Horton JD. Physiology. Unfolding lipid metabolism. Science. 2008;320(5882):1433-1434.

A journal article with 2 authors

Nielsen TA, Stenstrom P. What are the memory sources of dreaming? Nature. 2005;437(7063):1286-1289.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hwang TJ, Carpenter D, Kesselheim AS. Target small firms for antibiotic innovation. Science. 2014;344(6187):967-969.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Johansson L, Rytkonen A, Bergman P, et al. CD46 in meningococcal disease. Science. 2003;301(5631):373-375.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Joyce PM, Lipton D. Lamentations Through the Centuries. Blackwell Publishing Ltd; 2013.

An edited book

Soares R, Costa C, eds. Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Angiogenesis in the Metabolic Syndrome. Springer Netherlands; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

Wagter R, Proper HA, Witte D. A Practice-Based Framework for Enterprise Coherence. In: Proper E, Gaaloul K, Harmsen F, Wrycza S, eds. Practice-Driven Research on Enterprise Transformation: 4th Working Conference, PRET 2012, Gdańsk, Poland, June 27, 2012. Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. Springer; 2012:77-95.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Gerontological Nursing.

Blog post

Andrew E. Immune Cells From Stressed Mice Have Antidepressant Effects. IFLScience. January 30, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/immune-cells-stressed-mice-have-antidepressant-effects/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Information Technology: Customs Has Made Progress on Automated Commercial Environment System, but It Faces Long-Standing Management Challenges and New Risks. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2006.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Marquez MC. Manuel Ponce’s “Estrellita” (Arranged by Jascha Heifetz): A Historical and Performance Practice Guide for the Violinist. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

de la MERCED MJ. Elliott Hedge Fund Tries to Beat Buffett’s Offer for Utility Operator. New York Times. July 10, 2017:B3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Gerontological Nursing
Abbreviation	J. Gerontol. Nurs.
ISSN (print)	0098-9134
ISSN (online)	1938-243X
Scope	Gerontology