How to format your references using the Journal of Financial Markets citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Financial Markets. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hayes, J.M., 2011. Geochemistry. Earth’s redox history. Science 334, 1654–1655.

A journal article with 2 authors

Oppenheimer, S.J., Richards, M., 2001. Polynesian origins. Slow boat to Melanesia? Nature 410, 166–167.

A journal article with 3 authors

Pregibon, D.C., Toner, M., Doyle, P.S., 2007. Multifunctional encoded particles for high-throughput biomolecule analysis. Science 315, 1393–1396.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Tchao, J., Han, L., Lin, B., Yang, L., Tobita, K., 2014. Combined biophysical and soluble factor modulation induces cardiomyocyte differentiation from human muscle derived stem cells. Sci. Rep. 4, 6614.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Alberty, R.A., 2005. Thermodynamics of Biochemical Reactions. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Weber, S., Oser, F.K., Achtenhagen, F., Fretschner, M., Trost, S. (Eds.), 2014. Becoming an Entrepreneur, Professional and Vet Learning. SensePublishers, Rotterdam.

A chapter in an edited book

Iwata, K., Nakashima, T., Anan, Y., Ishii, N., 2012. Clustering and Analyzing Embedded Software Development Projects Data Using Self-Organizing Maps, in: Lee, R. (Ed.), Software Engineering Research,Management and Applications 2011, Studies in Computational Intelligence. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 47–59.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Financial Markets.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2014. Has The Hole in Stephen Hawking’s Black Hole Theory Been Plugged? [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/space/has-hole-stephen-hawking’s-black-hole-theory-been-plugged/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1992. Motor Vehicle Regulations: Regulatory Cost Estimates Could Be Improved (No. RCED-92-110). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Goetz, S.B., 2014. Perceptions toward a restraint-free practice: A case study (Doctoral dissertation). University of Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley, B., 2016. What Would a Modern Sophocles Do? Perhaps He Would Pucker Up. New York Times C5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Hayes, 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Hayes, 2011; Oppenheimer and Richards, 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Oppenheimer and Richards, 2001)
Three or more authors: (Tchao et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Financial Markets
Abbreviation	J. Fin. Mark.
ISSN (print)	1386-4181
Scope	Economics and Econometrics Finance