How to format your references using the Journal of Financial Markets citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Financial Markets. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Heymann, D.L., 2014. Ebola: learn from the past. Nature 514, 299–300.

A journal article with 2 authors

Shin, J.S., Abraham, S.N., 2001. Cell biology. Caveolae--not just craters in the cellular landscape. Science 293, 1447–1448.

A journal article with 3 authors

Scholl, J.A., Koh, A.L., Dionne, J.A., 2012. Quantum plasmon resonances of individual metallic nanoparticles. Nature 483, 421–427.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Himler, A.G., Adachi-Hagimori, T., Bergen, J.E., Kozuch, A., Kelly, S.E., Tabashnik, B.E., Chiel, E., Duckworth, V.E., Dennehy, T.J., Zchori-Fein, E., Hunter, M.S., 2011. Rapid spread of a bacterial symbiont in an invasive whitefly is driven by fitness benefits and female bias. Science 332, 254–256.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lalanne, C., 2014. Fatigue Damage. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Crampin, M., 2016. Cartan Geometries and their Symmetries: A Lie Algebroid Approach, Atlantis Studies in Variational Geometry. Atlantis Press, Paris.

A chapter in an edited book

Lesser, A., Schulze, S., Niehuis, R., Kähler, C., Lieser, J., 2013. Analytical Design of an Inlet Distortion Generator and Its Experimental and Numerical Validation, in: Dillmann, A., Heller, G., Kreplin, H.-P., Nitsche, W., Peltzer, I. (Eds.), New Results in Numerical and Experimental Fluid Mechanics VIII: Contributions to the 17th STAB/DGLR Symposium Berlin, Germany 2010, Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 33–41.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Financial Markets.

Blog post

Luntz, S., 2014. Scientists Claim They Are Close To Cloning A Mammoth [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/scientists-claim-they-are-close-cloning-mammothh/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1989. Impacts of Education Reform (No. T-PEMD-89-2). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Rivas, V.E., 2014. Art appreciation program for homeless children: A grant proposal project (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Belson, K., Pilon, M., 2012. Marathon Officials Determining How to Proceed. New York Times B11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Heymann, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Heymann, 2014; Shin and Abraham, 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Shin and Abraham, 2001)
Three or more authors: (Himler et al., 2011)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Financial Markets
Abbreviation	J. Fin. Mark.
ISSN (print)	1386-4181
Scope	Economics and Econometrics Finance