How to format your references using the Journal of Experimental Criminology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Experimental Criminology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Fowler, J. H. (2005). Human cooperation: second-order free-riding problem solved? Nature, 437(7058), E8; discussion E8-9.

A journal article with 2 authors

Dziarmaga, J., & Zurek, W. H. (2014). Quench in the 1D Bose-Hubbard model: topological defects and excitations from the Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transition dynamics. Scientific reports, 4, 5950.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hudson, J. J., Taylor, W. D., & Schindler, D. W. (2000). Phosphate concentrations in lakes. Nature, 406(6791), 54–56.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Jansen, R., Yu, H., Greenbaum, D., Kluger, Y., Krogan, N. J., Chung, S., et al. (2003). A Bayesian networks approach for predicting protein-protein interactions from genomic data. Science (New York, N.Y.), 302(5644), 449–453.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Mohanty, S., & Ghosh, R. (2010). Planning a Scientific Career in Industry. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Gao, S. (Ed.). (2015). Molecular Nanomagnets and Related Phenomena (Vol. 164). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Liu, L., Fieguth, P., Wang, X., Pietikäinen, M., & Hu, D. (2016). Evaluation of LBP and Deep Texture Descriptors with a New Robustness Benchmark. In B. Leibe, J. Matas, N. Sebe, & M. Welling (Eds.), Computer Vision – ECCV 2016: 14th European Conference, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, October 11-14, 2016, Proceedings, Part III (pp. 69–86). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Experimental Criminology.

Blog post

Fang, J. (2015, February 24). Rats Aren’t to Blame for the Plague in Europe: It Was Gerbils. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/rats-arent-blame-plague-europe-it-was-gerbils/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2002). Highway Financing: Factors Affecting Highway Trust Fund Revenues (No. GAO-02-667T). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bryant, J. D. (2014). The Investigation of Self-Determination in Students Participating in Higher Education with an Invisible Disability (Doctoral dissertation). Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kenigsberg, B. (2017, March 2). Nakom. New York Times, p. C11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Fowler 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Dziarmaga and Zurek 2014; Fowler 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Dziarmaga and Zurek 2014)
Three or more authors: (Jansen et al. 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Experimental Criminology
Abbreviation	J. Exp. Criminol.
ISSN (print)	1573-3750
ISSN (online)	1572-8315
Scope	Law