How to format your references using the Journal of Emergency Nursing citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Emergency Nursing. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Beltrami H. Paleoclimate. Earth’s long-term memory. Science. 2002;297(5579):206-207.

A journal article with 2 authors

Pacala S, Socolow R. Stabilization wedges: solving the climate problem for the next 50 years with current technologies. Science. 2004;305(5686):968-972.

A journal article with 3 authors

Afek I, Ambar O, Silberberg Y. High-NOON states by mixing quantum and classical light. Science. 2010;328(5980):879-881.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Missler M, Zhang W, Rohlmann A, et al. Alpha-neurexins couple Ca2+ channels to synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Nature. 2003;423(6943):939-948.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Marti P. Theory of Structures. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2013.

An edited book

Dustin M, McGavern D, eds. Visualizing Immunity. Vol 334. Springer; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

Winstead C, McKoy V. Electron–Biomolecule Collision Studies Using the Schwinger Multichannel Method. In: García Gómez-Tejedor G, Fuss MC, eds. Radiation Damage in Biomolecular Systems. Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering. Springer Netherlands; 2012:87-113.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Emergency Nursing.

Blog post

Andrew E. Giant Clams Could Inspire Better Solar Panels. IFLScience. October 6, 2014. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/giant-clams-could-inspire-better-solar-panels/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Aviation Assistance: Compensation Criteria and Payment Equity under the Air Transportation Safety and System Stabilization Act. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2004.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hao S. An Introduction to Discrete Minimal Surfaces via the Enneper Surface. Doctoral dissertation. Southern Illinois University; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Barron J. An Ink-Stained Reunion After Years of Digital Upheaval. New York Times. September 5, 2017:A24.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Emergency Nursing
Abbreviation	J. Emerg. Nurs.
ISSN (print)	0099-1767
Scope	Emergency