How to format your references using the Journal of Emergency Nursing citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Emergency Nursing. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Alberts B. A wake-up call. Nature. 2004;431(7012):1041.

A journal article with 2 authors

Turgeon SC, Creaser RA. Cretaceous oceanic anoxic event 2 triggered by a massive magmatic episode. Nature. 2008;454(7202):323-326.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ehrlich PR, Kareiva PM, Daily GC. Securing natural capital and expanding equity to rescale civilization. Nature. 2012;486(7401):68-73.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Deng H, Weihs G, Santori C, Bloch J, Yamamoto Y. Condensation of semiconductor microcavity exciton polaritons. Science. 2002;298(5591):199-202.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lißner K, Rug W. Der Eurocode 5 Für Deutschland Eurocode 5: Bemessung Und Konstruktion von Holzbauten. Wilhelm Ernst & Sohn Verlag für Architektur und technische Wissenschaften GmbH & Co. KG; 2016.

An edited book

Sejian V, Naqvi SMK, Ezeji T, Lakritz J, Lal R, eds. Environmental Stress and Amelioration in Livestock Production. Springer; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

Lepik Ü, Hein H. Integral Equations. In: Hein H, ed. Haar Wavelets: With Applications. Mathematical Engineering. Springer International Publishing; 2014:59-82.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Emergency Nursing.

Blog post

Evans K. 7 Things In Your Daily Life That You Didn’t Know Were Based On NASA Innovations. IFLScience. December 6, 2016. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/7-things-in-your-daily-life-that-you-didn-t-know-were-based-on-nasa-innovations/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Survey of Supervisors at U.S. Attorneys’ Offices, an E-Supplement to GAO-04-422. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2004.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wahl SE. Registered Nurse Preceptorship Orientation: A Study of the Relationship between Burnout Rates of New Graduates and Number of Preceptors Worked with in the Clinical Orientation Phase. Doctoral dissertation. Capella University; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sisario B. Bob Dylan’s Next Act: An Album of Standards. New York Times. January 31, 2017:C2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Emergency Nursing
Abbreviation	J. Emerg. Nurs.
ISSN (print)	0099-1767
Scope	Emergency