How to format your references using the Journal of Emergency Nursing citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Emergency Nursing. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lawler A. Archaeology. Preserving history, one hill at a time. Science. 2011;334(6063):1623.

A journal article with 2 authors

Katz A, Davis ME. Molecular imprinting of bulk, microporous silica. Nature. 2000;403(6767):286-289.

A journal article with 3 authors

Chao BF, Wu YH, Li YS. Impact of artificial reservoir water impoundment on global sea level. Science. 2008;320(5873):212-214.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Bita I, Yang JKW, Jung YS, Ross CA, Thomas EL, Berggren KK. Graphoepitaxy of self-assembled block copolymers on two-dimensional periodic patterned templates. Science. 2008;321(5891):939-943.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Glover F, Klingman D, Phillips NV. Network Models in Optimization and Their Applications in Practice. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 1992.

An edited book

Bruhn A, Pock T, Tai XC, eds. Efficient Algorithms for Global Optimization Methods in Computer Vision: International Dagstuhl Seminar, Dagstuhl Castle, Germany, November 20-25, 2011, Revised Selected Papers. Vol 8293. Springer; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Grigorian A, Frank PN, Benharash P. Chest Pain, Diaphoresis, and Nausea. In: de Virgilio C, Frank PN, Grigorian A, eds. Surgery: A Case Based Clinical Review. Springer; 2015:47-56.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Emergency Nursing.

Blog post

Andrew E. Whether A Vaccine Will Work For You Could Be Written In Your Genes. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Year 2000 Computing Crisis: Status of Airports’ Efforts to Deal with Date Change Problem. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1999.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Williams CD. Playing the Hungarian Card: An Assessment of Radical Right Impact on Slovak and Hungarian Party Systems and Post-Communist Democratic Stability. Doctoral dissertation. University of North Carolina; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Yee V. Closing on Short Notice, Brooklyn Assisted-Living Home Angers Families. New York Times. March 25, 2014:A20.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Emergency Nursing
Abbreviation	J. Emerg. Nurs.
ISSN (print)	0099-1767
Scope	Emergency