How to format your references using the Journal of Economic Structures citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Economic Structures. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Brody H (2015) Beauty. Nature 526:S1

A journal article with 2 authors

Pujol B, Pannell JR (2008) Reduced responses to selection after species range expansion. Science 321:96

A journal article with 3 authors

Rafkin SCR, Sta Maria MRV, Michaels TI (2002) Simulation of the atmospheric thermal circulation of a martian volcano using a mesoscale numerical model. Nature 419:697–699

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Turanov AA, Lobanov AV, Fomenko DE, et al (2009) Genetic code supports targeted insertion of two amino acids by one codon. Science 323:259–261

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Berk J (2010) Cost Reduction and Optimization for Manufacturing and Industrial Companies. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Gosper M, Ifenthaler D (eds) (2014) Curriculum Models for the 21st Century: Using Learning Technologies in Higher Education. Springer, New York, NY

A chapter in an edited book

Muñoz GM, Soto DR (2016) Boom and Bust in Colombia 1990–2013. In: Santarcángelo JE, Justo O, Cooney P (eds) Latin America after the Financial Crisis: Economic Ramifications from Heterodox Perspectives. Palgrave Macmillan US, New York, NY, pp 87–115

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Economic Structures.

Blog post

Hale T (2016) Boeing Wants To Race SpaceX To The Surface Of Mars. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1994) NASA Property: Poor Lending Practices and Controls at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lambert M (2015) Generational Differences in the Workplace: The Perspectives of Three Generations on Career Mobility. Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Protess B (2017) G.O.P.’s Paths to Unraveling Wall Street Rules From Obama Era. New York Times A19

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Brody 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Pujol and Pannell 2008; Brody 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Pujol and Pannell 2008)
Three or more authors: (Turanov et al. 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Economic Structures
Abbreviation	J. Econ. Struct.
ISSN (online)	2193-2409
Scope