How to format your references using the Journal of Economic Structures citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Economic Structures. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Deichmann U (2000) An unholy alliance. The Nazis showed that “politically responsible” science risks losing its soul. Nature 405:739

A journal article with 2 authors

Rettig J, Neher E (2002) Emerging roles of presynaptic proteins in Ca++-triggered exocytosis. Science 298:781–785

A journal article with 3 authors

Hinrichs K-U, Hmelo LR, Sylva SP (2003) Molecular fossil record of elevated methane levels in late Pleistocene coastal waters. Science 299:1214–1217

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Robertson WH, Diken EG, Price EA, et al (2003) Spectroscopic determination of the OH- solvation shell in the OH-.(H2O)n clusters. Science 299:1367–1372

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

André É, Soulat R (2013) The Inverse Method. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ USA

An edited book

Saeed K, Pejaś J (eds) (2005) Information Processing and Security Systems. Springer US, Boston, MA

A chapter in an edited book

Wang JG, Yang J (2016) The New Membership of Loan Club—P2P Online Lending. In: Yang J (ed) Financing without Bank Loans: New Alternatives for Funding SMEs in China. Springer, Singapore, pp 55–72

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Economic Structures.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Information Flows In Opposite Directions During Imagination And Reality. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/brain/information-flows-opposite-directions-during-imagination-and-reality/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1992) Voice of America: Management Actions Needed to Adjust to a Changing Environment. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Valenzuela J (2014) Medicare advantage’s population make-up and its impact on the future of Medicare financing. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Chira S (2017) Jobs Men Don’t Want. New York Times SR3

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Deichmann 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Deichmann 2000; Rettig and Neher 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Rettig and Neher 2002)
Three or more authors: (Robertson et al. 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Economic Structures
Abbreviation	J. Econ. Struct.
ISSN (online)	2193-2409
Scope