How to format your references using the Journal of Differential Equations citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Differential Equations. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

M.A. Nowak, Five rules for the evolution of cooperation, Science 314 (2006) 1560–1563.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

J. Chen, A.R. Kriegstein, A GABAergic projection from the zona incerta to cortex promotes cortical neuron development, Science 350 (2015) 554–558.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

W.C. Tucker, T. Weber, E.R. Chapman, Reconstitution of Ca2+-regulated membrane fusion by synaptotagmin and SNAREs, Science 304 (2004) 435–438.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

I. Malajovich, J.J. Berry, N. Samarth, D.D. Awschalom, Persistent sourcing of coherent spins for multifunctional semiconductor spintronics, Nature 411 (2001) 770–772.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

M. Soustelle, Thermodynamics of Surfaces and Capillary Systems, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2016.

An edited book

[1]

J. Tombran-Tink, C.J. Barnstable, J.F. Rizzo, eds., Visual Prosthesis and Ophthalmic Devices: New Hope in Sight, Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

M.C. Torri, T.M. Herrmann, Ethnomedicine, Capacity Development, and Innovation System Through GMCL, in: T.M. Herrmann (Ed.), Bridges Between Tradition and Innovation in Ethnomedicine: Fostering Local Development Through Community-Based Enterprises in India, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2011: pp. 121–143.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Differential Equations.

Blog post

[1]

J. Davis, Scientists Fed Volunteers 6,000 Calories For Science, IFLScience (2015).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, FAA Technical Training, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1994.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

J.A. Maldonado, Searching for Confirmation, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

J. Soble, Toshiba Auction of Chip Unit Is Slowed by Dispute With U.S. Partner, New York Times (2017) B8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Differential Equations
Abbreviation	J. Differ. Equ.
ISSN (print)	0022-0396
Scope	Analysis