How to format your references using the Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bronner, M. E. (2015). Evolution: On the crest of becoming vertebrate. Nature, 527(7578), 311–312.

A journal article with 2 authors

Richardson, A. J., & Poloczanska, E. S. (2008). Ocean science. Under-resourced, under threat. Science (New York, N.Y.), 320(5881), 1294–1295.

A journal article with 3 authors

Brummelkamp, T. R., Bernards, R., & Agami, R. (2002). A system for stable expression of short interfering RNAs in mammalian cells. Science (New York, N.Y.), 296(5567), 550–553.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Hsu, Y.-C., Chern, J. J., Cai, Y., Liu, M., & Choi, K.-W. (2007). Drosophila TCTP is essential for growth and proliferation through regulation of dRheb GTPase. Nature, 445(7129), 785–788.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bachmutsky, A. (2010). System Design for Telecommunication Gateways. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Joost, H.-G. (Ed.). (2012). Appetite Control (Vol. 209). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Madden, C., & Piccardi, M. (2011). System-Wide Tracking of Individuals. In P. Remagnino, D. N. Monekosso, & L. C. Jain (Eds.), Innovations in Defence Support Systems – 3: Intelligent Paradigms in Security (pp. 83–103). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology.

Blog post

Fang, J. (2014, December 2). Ancient Carnivorous Leaves Discovered in Amber. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/ancient-carnivorous-leaves-discovered-amber/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2005). Telecommunications: Strong Support for Extending FCC’s Auction Authority Exists, but Little Agreement on Other Options to Improve Efficient Use of Spectrum (No. GAO-06-236). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Swartz, H. (2017). The Multitude Speaks in Style: An Analysis of Vernacular Agency through Images of Ruth Bader Ginsburg (Doctoral dissertation). Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Burghardt, L. F. (2006, January 1). The Legacies They Left. New York Times, p. 14LI7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Bronner 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Bronner 2015; Richardson and Poloczanska 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Richardson and Poloczanska 2008)
Three or more authors: (Hsu et al. 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology
Abbreviation	J. Cross. Cult. Gerontol.
ISSN (print)	0169-3816
ISSN (online)	1573-0719
Scope	Geriatrics and Gerontology Health(social science)

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