How to format your references using the Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Masocha, W. (2014). Paclitaxel-induced hyposensitivity to nociceptive chemical stimulation in mice can be prevented by treatment with minocycline. Scientific reports, 4, 6719.

A journal article with 2 authors

Wu, Z., & Curtin, W. A. (2015). The origins of high hardening and low ductility in magnesium. Nature, 526(7571), 62–67.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lutz, W., Sanderson, W., & Scherbov, S. (2008). The coming acceleration of global population ageing. Nature, 451(7179), 716–719.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Lonhienne, T. G. A., Trusov, Y., Young, A., Rentsch, D., Näsholm, T., Schmidt, S., & Paungfoo-Lonhienne, C. (2014). Effects of externally supplied protein on root morphology and biomass allocation in Arabidopsis. Scientific reports, 4, 5055.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Chen, K.-H. (2016). Power Management Techniques for Integrated Circuit Design. Singapore: John Wiley & Sons Singapore Pte. Ltd.

An edited book

Ermolayev, V., Mayr, H. C., Nikitchenko, M., Spivakovsky, A., & Zholtkevych, G. (Eds.). (2013). Information and Communication Technologies in Education, Research, and Industrial Applications: 9th International Conference, ICTERI 2013, Kherson, Ukraine, June 19-22, 2013, Revised Selected Papers (Vol. 412). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Debo, L. G., & Veeraraghavan, S. K. (2009). Models of Herding Behavior in Operations Management. In C. S. Tang & S. Netessine (Eds.), Consumer-Driven Demand and Operations Management Models: A Systematic Study of Information-Technology-Enabled Sales Mechanisms (pp. 81–112). Boston, MA: Springer US.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology.

Blog post

Hamilton, K. (2016, June 27). Researchers Fix A 3-Billion-Year-Old Genetic Error. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/chemistry/researchers-fix-a-3-billion-year-old-genetic-error/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1988). Competition: Information on Federally Funded Research and Development Centers (No. NSIAD-88-116FS). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hall, D. (2015). Resistance, reluctance, and revelation: Examining faculty perceptions of online learning options at a Faith-Based university (Doctoral dissertation). Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey, G. (2011, March 12). Accountability Would Seem to Begin and End With Referees. New York Times, p. D3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Masocha 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Masocha 2014; Wu and Curtin 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Wu and Curtin 2015)
Three or more authors: (Lonhienne et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology
Abbreviation	J. Cross. Cult. Gerontol.
ISSN (print)	0169-3816
ISSN (online)	1573-0719
Scope	Geriatrics and Gerontology Health(social science)