How to format your references using the Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Morell, V. (2014). When the bat sings. Science (New York, N.Y.), 344(6190), 1334–1337.

A journal article with 2 authors

Vyleta, N. P., & Jonas, P. (2014). Loose coupling between Ca2+ channels and release sensors at a plastic hippocampal synapse. Science (New York, N.Y.), 343(6171), 665–670.

A journal article with 3 authors

Harding, E. J., Paul, E. S., & Mendl, M. (2004). Animal behaviour: cognitive bias and affective state. Nature, 427(6972), 312.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Choudhury, D., Pal, B., Sharma, A., Bhat, S. V., & Sarma, D. D. (2013). Magnetization in electron- and Mn-doped SrTiO3. Scientific reports, 3, 1433.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Zhu, F. X. X., Hoehn, R., Thakkar, V., & Yuh, E. (2017). Hydroprocessing for Clean Energy. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Hodler, J., Schulthess, G. K. von, Kubik-Huch, R. A., & Zollikofer, C. L. (Eds.). (2014). Diseases of the Abdomen and Pelvis 2014–2017: Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Techniques. Milano: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Oquendo, F., Leite, J., & Batista, T. (2016). Specifying Behavior of Software Architectures. In J. Leite & T. Batista (Eds.), Software Architecture in Action: Designing and Executing Architectural Models with SysADL Grounded on the OMG SysML Standard (pp. 65–88). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, January 6). What Makes One Earth-Like Planet More Habitable Than Another? IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/what-makes-one-earth-planet-more-habitable-another/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1994). Overhead Costs: Costs Charged by McDonnell Douglas Aerospace’s Space Station Division (No. NSIAD-94-150). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bell, J. (2015). A phenomenological study of African American GS-13 to GS-15 managers within the federal government (Doctoral dissertation). University of Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Oestreich, J. R. (2016, September 15). Venice by Way of New York. New York Times, p. AR46.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Morell 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Morell 2014; Vyleta and Jonas 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Vyleta and Jonas 2014)
Three or more authors: (Choudhury et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology
Abbreviation	J. Cross. Cult. Gerontol.
ISSN (print)	0169-3816
ISSN (online)	1573-0719
Scope	Geriatrics and Gerontology Health(social science)