How to format your references using the Journal of Clinical Pathology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Clinical Pathology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wightman RM. Detection technologies. Probing cellular chemistry in biological systems with microelectrodes. Science 2006;311:1570–4.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ewing RC, von Hippel FN. Energy. Nuclear waste management in the United States--starting over. Science 2009;325:151–2.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gebauer D, Völkel A, Cölfen H. Stable prenucleation calcium carbonate clusters. Science 2008;322:1819–22.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Shen Y, Chen Y, Zou H, et al. A fiber-based quasi-continuous-wave quantum key distribution system. Sci Rep 2014;4:4563.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ahonen TT. m-Profits. Chichester, UK: : John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 2006.

An edited book

Pernul G, Y A Ryan P, Weippl E, editors. Computer Security -- ESORICS 2015: 20th European Symposium on Research in Computer Security, Vienna, Austria, September 21-25, 2015, Proceedings, Part I. Cham: : Springer International Publishing 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Peeters M. CRC Liver Metastases. In: Van Cutsem E, Vogl TJ, Orsi F, et al., eds. Locoregional Tumor Therapy. Berlin, Heidelberg: : Springer 2015. 55–72.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Clinical Pathology.

Blog post

Luntz S. Nitrogen-Fed Bacteria Could Power Our Future. IFLScience. 2015.https://www.iflscience.com/technology/nitrogen-fed-bacteria-could-power-our-future/ (accessed 30 Oct 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Aircraft Certification: New FAA Approach Needed to Meet Challenges of Advanced Technology. Washington, DC: : U.S. Government Printing Office 1993.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Okada H. Modulation of BACE1 by a novel sorting nexin in Alzheimer’s disease. 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley B. Seizing the Day, Hankie in Hand. New York Times. 2016;:C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Clinical Pathology
Abbreviation	J. Clin. Pathol.
ISSN (print)	0021-9746
ISSN (online)	1472-4146
Scope	General Medicine Pathology and Forensic Medicine

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