How to format your references using the Journal of Clinical Pathology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Clinical Pathology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

de Lange C. Diagnosis: Waiting for results. Nature. 2013;502:S10-2.

A journal article with 2 authors

Lucadamo G, Medlin DL. Geometric origin of hexagonal close packing at a grain boundary in gold. Science. 2003;300:1272–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

McElwain JC, Wagner PJ, Hesselbo SP. Fossil plant relative abundances indicate sudden loss of Late Triassic biodiversity in East Greenland. Science. 2009;324:1554–6.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Intlekofer AM, Shih AH, Wang B, et al. Acquired resistance to IDH inhibition through trans or cis dimer-interface mutations. Nature. 2018;559:125–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hermans J, Lentz B. Equilibria and Kinetics of Biological Macromolecules. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2013.

An edited book

Cantoni L, Xiang Z (phil), editors. Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2013: Proceedings of the International Conference in Innsbruck, Austria, January 22-25, 2013. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Vinh DC, Embil JM. Prophylaxis of Endocarditis. In: Chan K-L, Embil JM, eds. Endocarditis: Diagnosis and Management. Cham: Springer International Publishing 2016:67–90.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Clinical Pathology.

Blog post

Andrew E. 10 Science Jokes for Nerds. IFLScience. 2014. https://www.iflscience.com/physics/10-science-jokes-nerds/ (accessed 30 October 2018)

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. The Intermodal Approach to Transportation. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office 1991.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Tahira A. Synthesis of Bivalent Organothiophosphate Inhibitors and Their Inhibition of Butyrylcholinesterase: Studies towards a Potential Treatment of Cognitive Loss Associated with Alzheimer’s Disease. 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse L. The Supreme Court and the Politics of Fear. New York Times. 2015;SR6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Clinical Pathology
Abbreviation	J. Clin. Pathol.
ISSN (print)	0021-9746
ISSN (online)	1472-4146
Scope	General Medicine Pathology and Forensic Medicine