How to format your references using the Journal of Clinical Anesthesia citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Clinical Anesthesia. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Taylor PL. Rules of engagement. Nature 2007;450:163–4.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Stahler S, Palla F. Astronomy. The beat of young stars. Science 2014;345:514–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Gardner TJ, Naef F, Nottebohm F. Freedom and rules: the acquisition and reprogramming of a bird’s learned song. Science 2005;308:1046–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

He QL, Lai YH, Lu Y, Law KT, Sou IK. Surface reactivity enhancement on a Pd/Bi2Te3 heterostructure through robust topological surface states. Sci Rep 2013;3:2497.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Zito R. Electrochemical Water Processing. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

[1]

Schalk G. A Practical Guide to Brain–Computer Interfacing with BCI2000: General-Purpose Software for Brain–Computer Interface Research, Data Acquisition, Stimulus Presentation, and Brain Monitoring. London: Springer; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Muijs D, Ainscow M, Chapman C, West M. Towards a Typology of Educational Networks. In: Ainscow M, Chapman C, West M, editors. Collaboration and Networking in Education, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2011, p. 37–48.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Clinical Anesthesia.

Blog post

[1]

Taub B. Scientists Finally Get To Grips With Monkey Language. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/scientists-finally-get-grips-monkey-language/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Aviation Safety: Advancements Being Pursued to Improve Airliner Cabin Occupant Safety and Health. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2003.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Buquiran ES. Factors affecting members’ retention in Toastmasters International. Doctoral dissertation. Pepperdine University, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Brunnermeier M, James H, Landau J-P. Pondering Franco-German relations anew. New York Times 2016:A13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Clinical Anesthesia
Abbreviation	J. Clin. Anesth.
ISSN (print)	0952-8180
Scope	Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine

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