How to format your references using the Journal of Clinical Anesthesia citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Clinical Anesthesia. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Basu P. Forgotten lessons. Nature 2010;466:S14-5.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Poliakoff M, King P. Phenomenal fluids. Nature 2001;412:125.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Zehn D, Lee SY, Bevan MJ. Complete but curtailed T-cell response to very low-affinity antigen. Nature 2009;458:211–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Connolly JAD, Schmidt MW, Solferino G, Bagdassarov N. Permeability of asthenospheric mantle and melt extraction rates at mid-ocean ridges. Nature 2009;462:209–12.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Lee M, Bieker G. Mastering. Indianapolis, IN, USA: Wiley Publishing, Inc.; 2009.

An edited book

[1]

El-Meliegy E. Glasses and Glass Ceramics for Medical Applications. New York, NY: Springer; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Tytler R. Longitudinal Studies into Science Learning: Methodological Issues. In: Shelley MC, Yore LD, Hand B, editors. Quality Research in Literacy and Science Education: International Perspectives and Gold Standards, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2009, p. 83–105.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Clinical Anesthesia.

Blog post

[1]

Carpineti A. Cosmologists Devise New Approach To Avoid Dealing With Quantum Gravity. IFLScience 2017. https://www.iflscience.com/space/cosmologists-devise-new-approach-to-avoid-dealing-with-quantum-gravity/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Next Generation Air Transportation System: Preliminary Analysis of the Joint Planning and Development Office’s Planning, Progress, and Challenges. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2006.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Galvan R. A mixed-methods study of mathematics and science achievement of refugee students in homogeneous and heterogeneous groups. Doctoral dissertation. Capella University, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Alexander K. A Different Shade of Green. New York Times 2002:638.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Clinical Anesthesia
Abbreviation	J. Clin. Anesth.
ISSN (print)	0952-8180
Scope	Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine