How to format your references using the Journal of Chiropractic Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Chiropractic Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Southwell K. Quantum coherence. Nature. 2008;453(7198):1003.

A journal article with 2 authors

Christensen CH, Nørskov JK. Chemistry. Green gold catalysis. Science. 2010;327(5963):278-279.

A journal article with 3 authors

Zhang P, Wang J, Shi Y. Structure and mechanism of the S component of a bacterial ECF transporter. Nature. 2010;468(7324):717-720.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Diddams SA, Bergquist JC, Jefferts SR, Oates CW. Standards of time and frequency at the outset of the 21st century. Science. 2004;306(5700):1318-1324.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Anjum B, Perros H. Bandwidth Allocation for Video Under Quality of Service Constraints. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2015.

An edited book

Esposito Vinzi V, Chin WW, Henseler J, Wang H, eds. Handbook of Partial Least Squares: Concepts, Methods and Applications. Springer; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

Cai K, Wonham WM. Localization for Large-Scale Systems. In: Wonham WM, ed. Supervisor Localization: A Top-Down Approach to Distributed Control of Discrete-Event Systems. Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences. Springer International Publishing; 2016:73-101.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Chiropractic Medicine.

Blog post

Luntz S. Blending Conventional And Concentrated Solar Captures Light Under Cloudy Skies. IFLScience. December 5, 2016. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/blending-conventional-and-concentrated-solar-captures-light-under-cloudy-skies/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Airline Deregulation: Changes in Airfares, Service Quality, and Barriers to Entry. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1999.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Grether S. All You Need Is Love? An Examination of Interracial Divorce. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kenigsberg B. Film Series. New York Times. January 26, 2017:C28.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Chiropractic Medicine
Abbreviation	J. Chiropr. Med.
ISSN (print)	1556-3707
Scope	Chiropractics