How to format your references using the Journal of Chiropractic Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Chiropractic Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Elser JJ. Geochemistry. A world awash with nitrogen. Science. 2011;334(6062):1504-1505.

A journal article with 2 authors

Shapiro NM, Koulakov I. Geophysics. Probing the underbelly of a supervolcano. Science. 2015;348(6236):758-759.

A journal article with 3 authors

Mansouri FA, Buckley MJ, Tanaka K. Mnemonic function of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in conflict-induced behavioral adjustment. Science. 2007;318(5852):987-990.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Wang Z, Smith KS, Murphy M, Piloto O, Somervaille TCP, Cleary ML. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 in MLL leukaemia maintenance and targeted therapy. Nature. 2008;455(7217):1205-1209.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kay J, Tasman A. Essentials of Psychiatry. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2006.

An edited book

Uitto JI, Shaw R, eds. Sustainable Development and Disaster Risk Reduction. 1st ed. 2016. Springer Japan; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Yao X. Unpacking and Understanding Evolutionary Algorithms. In: Liu J, Alippi C, Bouchon-Meunier B, Greenwood GW, Abbass HA, eds. Advances in Computational Intelligence: IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence, WCCI 2012, Brisbane, Australia, June 10-15, 2012. Plenary/Invited Lectures. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer; 2012:60-76.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Chiropractic Medicine.

Blog post

Fang J. Hundreds of Erupting Methane Plumes Discovered Along U.S. East Coast. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. VA/DOD Federal Health Care Center: Costly Information Technology Delays Continue and Evaluation Plan Lacking. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2012.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gillan-Sanderson NA. A Study of the Effect of Additional Reading Assistance on Student Achievement. Doctoral dissertation. Lindenwood University; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Baker L. A Community Comes to a University. New York Times. May 7, 2006:RE11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Chiropractic Medicine
Abbreviation	J. Chiropr. Med.
ISSN (print)	1556-3707
Scope	Chiropractics