How to format your references using the Journal of Biomechanical Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Biomechanical Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Goudsmit, J., 2014, “Retrospective. Joep Lange (1954-2014),” Science, 345(6199), p. 881.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Holt, C. E., and Bullock, S. L., 2009, “Subcellular MRNA Localization in Animal Cells and Why It Matters,” Science, 326(5957), pp. 1212–1216.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Otto, S. B., Rall, B. C., and Brose, U., 2007, “Allometric Degree Distributions Facilitate Food-Web Stability,” Nature, 450(7173), pp. 1226–1229.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

Min, M. S., Yang, S. Y., Bonett, R. M., Vieites, D. R., Brandon, R. A., and Wake, D. B., 2005, “Discovery of the First Asian Plethodontid Salamander,” Nature, 435(7038), pp. 87–90.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Scheinfeld, R., 2009, Busting Loose from the Business Game, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

[1]

Hafner, W., and Zimmermann, H., eds., 2009, Vinzenz Bronzin’s Option Pricing Models: Exposition and Appraisal, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Hoque, M. E., Yeasin, M., and Louwerse, M. M., 2006, “Robust Recognition of Emotion from Speech,” Intelligent Virtual Agents: 6th International Conference, IVA 2006, Marina Del Rey, CA, USA, August 21-23, 2006. Proceedings, J. Gratch, M. Young, R. Aylett, D. Ballin, and P. Olivier, eds., Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 42–53.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Biomechanical Engineering.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew, D., 2016, “How Much Radiation Damage Do Astronauts Really Suffer In Space?,” IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, 1989, Railroad Safety: DOT Should Better Manage Its Hazardous Materials Inspection Program, RCED-90-43, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Bailoor, S., 2016, “Implicit-Explicit Time Stepping for a Two-Dimensional Inviscid Fluid-Structure Interaction Solver,” Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Wagner, J., 2017, “As Hitting Improves, Wheeler Lifts Mets From the Mound,” New York Times, p. B11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Biomechanical Engineering
Abbreviation	J. Biomech. Eng.
ISSN (print)	0148-0731
ISSN (online)	1528-8951
Scope	Biomedical Engineering Physiology (medical)