How to format your references using the Journal of Biomechanical Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Biomechanical Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Zerhouni, E., 2003, “Embryonic Stem Cells. Stem Cell Programs,” Science, 300(5621), pp. 911–912.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Huang, M. L., and Yang, F., 2014, “Size Effect Model on Kinetics of Interfacial Reaction between Sn-XAg-YCu Solders and Cu Substrate,” Sci. Rep., 4, p. 7117.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Bosch, R., van de Pol, M., and Philp, J., 2015, “Policy: Define Biomass Sustainability,” Nature, 523(7562), pp. 526–527.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

Kozlova, E., Chernysh, A., Moroz, V., Gudkova, O., Sergunova, V., and Kuzovlev, A., 2014, “Transformation of Membrane Nanosurface of Red Blood Cells under Hemin Action,” Sci. Rep., 4, p. 6033.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

O’Malley, C., 2014, Bonds Without Borders, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

[1]

Cheung, S. K. S., Kwok, L.-F., Shang, J., Wang, A., and Kwan, R., eds., 2016, Blended Learning: Aligning Theory with Practices: 9th International Conference, ICBL 2016, Beijing, China, July 19-21, 2016, Proceedings, Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Vorländer, H., 2013, “Bringing Democracy Back In? From Local Politics to Global Politics,” Spheres of Global Justice: Volume 1 Global Challenges to Liberal Democracy. Political Participation, Minorities and Migrations, J.-C. Merle, ed., Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp. 75–86.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Biomechanical Engineering.

Blog post

[1]

Davis, J., 2015, “Preserving The Dead: Weird And Grisly Practices From Around The World,” IFLScience. [Online]. Available: https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/mummification-weird-and-grisly-practices-around-world/. [Accessed: 30-Oct-2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, 2000, Federal Communications Commission: Competitive Bidding Procedures, OGC-00-69, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Foster, R. L., 2016, “The Perceptions of Language Minority Parents Regarding Informed Consent in the Special Education Process,” Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Oestreich, J. R., 2017, “Silvery, Then Raucous: A Leap Across Time,” New York Times, p. C5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Biomechanical Engineering
Abbreviation	J. Biomech. Eng.
ISSN (print)	0148-0731
ISSN (online)	1528-8951
Scope	Biomedical Engineering Physiology (medical)