How to format your references using the Journal of Applied Physiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Applied Physiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Goldston D. Shattered illusions. Nature 451: 387, 2008.

A journal article with 2 authors

Yeomans DK, Veverka J. Obituary: Fred Lawrence Whipple (1906-2004). Nature 432: 31, 2004.

A journal article with 3 authors

Paradise J, Andrews L, Holbrook T. Intellectual property. Patents on human genes: an analysis of scope and claims. Science 307: 1566–1567, 2005.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Soto-Pantoja DR, Ridnour LA, Wink DA, Roberts DD. Blockade of CD47 increases survival of mice exposed to lethal total body irradiation. Sci Rep 3: 1038, 2013.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sue DW. Overcoming Our Racism. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2003.

An edited book

Gensel J, Josselin D, Vandenbroucke D, editors. Bridging the Geographic Information Sciences: International AGILE’2012 Conference, Avignon (France), April, 24-27, 2012. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

Vullo V, Vivio F. Hyperbolic Disks. In: Rotors: Stress Analysis and Design, edited by Vivio F. Milano: Springer, 2013, p. 71–87.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Applied Physiology.

Blog post

Andrew D. What Is Carpal Tunnel Syndrome And What Happens If I Get It? IFLScience IFLScience: 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2010 Census: Data Collection Is Under Way, but Reliability of Key Information Technology Systems Remains a Risk. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2010.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lee CM. Principals’ Understanding of Teacher Evaluations Connected to the Colorado Student Assessment Program. University of Phoenix: 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sisario B, Coscarelli J. Pearl Jam and Baez Join Rock Hall of Fame. New York Times: C3, 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (2).
This sentence cites two references (2, 4).
This sentence cites four references (2, 4, 6, 8).

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Applied Physiology
Abbreviation	J. Appl. Physiol.
ISSN (print)	8750-7587
ISSN (online)	1522-1601
Scope	Physiology Physiology (medical)