How to format your references using the Journal of Applied Electrochemistry citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Applied Electrochemistry. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Southwell K (2008) Quantum coherence. Nature 453:1003

A journal article with 2 authors

Gaffney KJ, Chapman HN (2007) Imaging atomic structure and dynamics with ultrafast x-ray scattering. Science 316:1444–1448

A journal article with 3 authors

Upadhyay D, Scherer EE, Mezger K (2009) (142)Nd evidence for an enriched Hadean reservoir in cratonic roots. Nature 459:1118–1121

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Xu X, Zhou Z, Wang X, et al (2003) Four-winged dinosaurs from China. Nature 421:335–340

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Schütz H, Wiedemann PM, Hennings W, et al (2006) Comparative Risk Assessment. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, FRG

An edited book

Cao L, Motoda H, Srivastava J, et al (2013) Behavior and Social Computing: International Workshop on Behavior and Social Informatics, BSI 2013, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia, April 14-17, 2013 and International Workshop on Behavior and Social Informatics and Computing, BSIC 2013, Beijing, China, August 3-9, 2013, Revised Selected Papers. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Patton W, McMahon M (2014) Theories Focusing on Content and Process. In: McMahon M (ed) Career Development and Systems Theory: Connecting Theory and Practice. SensePublishers, Rotterdam, pp 95–120

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Applied Electrochemistry.

Blog post

Carpineti A (2017) Astronomers Create Largest Map Of The Universe Yet. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/astronomers-create-largest-map-of-the-universe-yet/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1987) NASA Procurement: The 1973 Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Motor Contractor Selection. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lapizco-Encinas GC (2009) Cooperative particle swarm optimization for combinatorial problems. Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney K (2010) Burgers With Attitude. New York Times NJ9

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Applied Electrochemistry
Abbreviation	J. Appl. Electrochem.
ISSN (print)	0021-891X
ISSN (online)	1572-8838
Scope	General Chemical Engineering Electrochemistry Materials Chemistry