How to format your references using the Journal of Academic Ethics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Academic Ethics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Chaieb, S. (2014). Elasto-plasticity in wrinkled polymerized lipid membranes. Scientific reports, 4, 3699.

A journal article with 2 authors

Draine, B. T., & Ostriker, J. P. (2007). Obituary: Bohdan Paczyński (1940-2007). Nature, 447(7148), 1065.

A journal article with 3 authors

Flower, T. P., Gribble, M., & Ridley, A. R. (2014). Deception by flexible alarm mimicry in an African bird. Science (New York, N.Y.), 344(6183), 513–516.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Hermanson, K. D., Lumsdon, S. O., Williams, J. P., Kaler, E. W., & Velev, O. D. (2001). Dielectrophoretic assembly of electrically functional microwires from nanoparticle suspensions. Science (New York, N.Y.), 294(5544), 1082–1086.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Celant, G., & Broniatowski, M. (2016). Interpolation and Extrapolation Optimal Designs 1. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Theron, L. C., Liebenberg, L., & Ungar, M. (Eds.). (2015). Youth Resilience and Culture: Commonalities and Complexities (Vol. 11). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Daghighian, F., & Fong, Y. (2015). Detectors for Intraoperative Molecular Imaging: From Probes to Scanners. In Y. Fong, P. C. Giulianotti, J. Lewis, B. Groot Koerkamp, & T. Reiner (Eds.), Imaging and Visualization in The Modern Operating Room: A Comprehensive Guide for Physicians (pp. 55–67). New York, NY: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Academic Ethics.

Blog post

Fang, J. (2015, January 8). First New Antibiotic In 30 Years Could Prove Crucial In Fight Against Superbugs. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/resistance-proof-antibiotic-we-ve-been-waiting/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1987). FAA Air Traffic Controller Staffing and Related Issues (No. T-RCED-87-42). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Keels, D. (2014). An Analysis of the Correlation between Teacher Effectiveness and Student Standardized Test Scores (Doctoral dissertation). University of Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow, K. (2003, June 1). A Cultural Conundrum: The Chocolate Fortune Cookie. New York Times, p. 146.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Chaieb 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Chaieb 2014; Draine and Ostriker 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Draine and Ostriker 2007)
Three or more authors: (Hermanson et al. 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Academic Ethics
Abbreviation	J. Acad. Ethics
ISSN (print)	1570-1727
ISSN (online)	1572-8544
Scope	Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) Philosophy Education Sociology and Political Science