How to format your references using the Ionics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ionics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Campbell P (2001) Declaration of financial interests. Nature 412:751

A journal article with 2 authors

DeConto RM, Pollard D (2003) Rapid Cenozoic glaciation of Antarctica induced by declining atmospheric CO2. Nature 421:245–249

A journal article with 3 authors

Bradshaw D, Warren JE, Rosseinsky MJ (2007) Reversible concerted ligand substitution at alternating metal sites in an extended solid. Science 315:977–980

A journal article with 5 or more authors

LeCouter J, Moritz DR, Li B, et al (2003) Angiogenesis-independent endothelial protection of liver: role of VEGFR-1. Science 299:890–893

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Narang RK (2013) Inside the Black Box. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Assi A (2016) Numerical Semigroups and Applications. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Sandkuhl K (2015) Knowledge Reuse: Survey of Existing Techniques and Classification Approach. In: Zimányi E, Kutsche R-D (eds) Business Intelligence: 4th European Summer School, eBISS 2014, Berlin, Germany, July 6-11, 2014, Tutorial Lectures. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 126–148

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ionics.

Blog post

Andrews R (2017) Cyborg Roses Could Be Used To Grow Computer Systems. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/cyborg-roses-used-grow-computer-systems/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2011) Children’s Television Act: FCC Could Improve Efforts to Oversee Enforcement and Provide Public Information. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Katz RL (2014) Graduate nursing students’ perceptions regarding caring for patients with HIV. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Billard M (2010) Framing a Statement. New York Times E5

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Ionics
Abbreviation	Ionics (Kiel)
ISSN (print)	0947-7047
ISSN (online)	1862-0760
Scope	General Chemical Engineering General Engineering General Materials Science General Physics and Astronomy