How to format your references using the International Microbiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Microbiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Becchetti FD (2002) Nuclear fusion. Evidence for nuclear reactions in imploding bubbles. Science 295:1850

A journal article with 2 authors

Stewart SA, Allen PJ (2002) A 20-km-diameter multi-ringed impact structure in the North Sea. Nature 418:520–523

A journal article with 3 authors

Rich T, Allen RL, Wyllie AH (2000) Defying death after DNA damage. Nature 407:777–783

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Park J-O, Tsuru T, Kodaira S, Cummins PR, Kaneda Y (2002) Splay fault branching along the Nankai subduction zone. Science 297:1157–1160

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Anichini G, Carraro F, Geslin P, Guille-Escuret G (2017) Technicity vs Scientificity. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Gelder K (ed) (2016) New Directions in Popular Fiction: Genre, Distribution, Reproduction. Palgrave Macmillan UK, London

A chapter in an edited book

Roby-Brami A, Goasdoué R (2010) A historical perspective on learning: the legacy and actuality of I. M. Pavlov and N. A. Bernstein. In: Bigand E (ed) Rethinking physical and rehabilitation medicine: New technologies induce new learning strategies. Springer, Paris, pp 71–93

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Microbiology.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Meet The Next Generation of Waste-Free Food Packaging. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/meet-next-generation-waste-free-food-packaging/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1999) Aviation Safety: FAA’s New Inspection System Offers Promise, but Problems Need to Be Addressed. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Myers KE (2012) The First Determination of the Proton’s Weak Charge Through Parity-Violating Asymmetry Measurements in Elastic e + p and e + Al Scattering. Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Burghardt LF (2006) Mutiny in the Harbor: One Ship Too Many. New York Times 14NJ6

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [2].
This sentence cites two references [2, 4].
This sentence cites four references [2, 6–8].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Microbiology
Abbreviation	Int. Microbiol.
ISSN (print)	1139-6709
ISSN (online)	1618-1905
Scope	Microbiology Microbiology (medical)