How to format your references using the International Microbiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Microbiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Darnovsky M (2013) A slippery slope to human germline modification. Nature 499:127

A journal article with 2 authors

Yanovsky MJ, Kay SA (2002) Molecular basis of seasonal time measurement in Arabidopsis. Nature 419:308–312

A journal article with 3 authors

Schubert G, Russell CT, Moore WB (2000) Timing of the Martian dynamo. Nature 408:666–667

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Ankrum JA, Dastidar RG, Ong JF, Levy O, Karp JM (2014) Performance-enhanced mesenchymal stem cells via intracellular delivery of steroids. Sci Rep 4:4645

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Le Ruyet D, Pischella M (2015) Digital Communications 1. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Almeida JP, Oliveira JF, Pinto AA (eds) (2015) Operational Research: IO 2013 - XVI Congress of APDIO, Bragança, Portugal, June 3-5, 2013. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Solyanik G, Mizin VI, Pyaskovskaya O, Banakchevich N, Ogay YA (2013) Correction of the Cancer Therapy-Induced Anemia by the Grape Polyphenol Concentrate Enoant. In: Pierce GN, Mizin VI, Omelchenko A (eds) Advanced Bioactive Compounds Countering the Effects of Radiological, Chemical and Biological Agents: Strategies to Counter Biological Damage. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 43–54

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Microbiology.

Blog post

Andrew E (2013) The Legacy of HeLa. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/legacy-hela/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2013) Transportation Security: TSA Could Strengthen Oversight of Allegations of Employee Misconduct. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Williams A (2010) Kindergarten through third grade reading tutors in Northeast Mississippi. Doctoral dissertation, Mississippi State University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey G (2013) A Roof Is Planned, but It’s a Waiting Game for Fans and Players. New York Times D4

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [2].
This sentence cites two references [2, 4].
This sentence cites four references [3, 6–8].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Microbiology
Abbreviation	Int. Microbiol.
ISSN (print)	1139-6709
ISSN (online)	1618-1905
Scope	Microbiology Microbiology (medical)