How to format your references using the International Journal on Digital Libraries citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal on Digital Libraries. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Nelson, W.J.: Adaptation of core mechanisms to generate cell polarity. Nature. 422, 766–774 (2003)

A journal article with 2 authors

Cox, R.M., Calsbeek, R.: Cryptic sex-ratio bias provides indirect genetic benefits despite sexual conflict. Science. 328, 92–94 (2010)

A journal article with 3 authors

Chien, K.R., Moretti, A., Laugwitz, K.-L.: Development. ES cells to the rescue. Science. 306, 239–240 (2004)

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Tay, Y., Zhang, J., Thomson, A.M., Lim, B., Rigoutsos, I.: MicroRNAs to Nanog, Oct4 and Sox2 coding regions modulate embryonic stem cell differentiation. Nature. 455, 1124–1128 (2008)

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Shi, Z.-J.: Homogeneous Catalysis for Unreactive Bond Activation. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ (2014)

An edited book

Chan, E.T.Y., O’Sullivan, M. eds: The Humanities in Contemporary Chinese Contexts. Springer, Singapore (2016)

A chapter in an edited book

O’Hern, D.M., Nozaki, Y.: Kenyan Education. In: Nozaki, Y. (ed.) Natural Science Education, Indigenous Knowledge, and Sustainable Development in Rural and Urban Schools in Kenya: Toward Critical Postcolonial Curriculum Policies and Practices. pp. 47–62. SensePublishers, Rotterdam (2014)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal on Digital Libraries.

Blog post

Luntz, S.: People Who Suffer Migraines Have Different Mouth Bacteria, https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/people-who-suffer-migraines-have-different-mouth-bacteria/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Student Loan Programs: Lower Interest Rates and Higher Loan Volume Have Increased Federal Consolidation Loan Costs. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (2004)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Rutherford, K.B.: 500 Year Chenier, Architecture, Cultural Identity, and Land Change “Identification in a Dynamic Place,” (2017)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Goldstein, M., Eder, S., Kelly, K., Stevenson, A., Protess, B.: Sources of Trump Aides’ Wealth Include Cosmetics and ‘Seinfeld’ Reruns, (2017)

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal on Digital Libraries
ISSN (print)	1432-5012
ISSN (online)	1432-1300
Scope	Library and Information Sciences