How to format your references using the International Journal on Digital Libraries citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal on Digital Libraries. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Schubert, C.: Single-cell analysis: The deepest differences. Nature. 480, 133–137 (2011)

A journal article with 2 authors

Wu, Y., Marsh, J.W.: Selective transcription and modulation of resting T cell activity by preintegrated HIV DNA. Science. 293, 1503–1506 (2001)

A journal article with 3 authors

Nakamura, K., Takahashi, Y., Fujiwara, T.: Low-temperature excess heat capacity in fresnoite glass and crystal. Sci. Rep. 4, 6523 (2014)

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Krantz, B.A., Melnyk, R.A., Zhang, S., Juris, S.J., Lacy, D.B., Wu, Z., Finkelstein, A., Collier, R.J.: A phenylalanine clamp catalyzes protein translocation through the anthrax toxin pore. Science. 309, 777–781 (2005)

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

The American Ceramic Society: Progress in Nanotechnology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ (2009)

An edited book

Ketter, W., Poutré, H.L., Sadeh, N., Shehory, O., Walsh, W. eds: Agent-Mediated Electronic Commerce and Trading Agent Design and Analysis: AAMAS Workshop, AMEC 2008, Estoril, Portugal, May 12-16, 2008, and AAAI Workshop, TADA 2008, Chicago, IL, USA, July 14, 2008, Revised Selected Papers. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2010)

A chapter in an edited book

Scheer, D.R., Smith, R.E.: Download my building: How building information modeling will transform our cities. In: Miller, H.J. (ed.) Societies and Cities in the Age of Instant Access. pp. 57–70. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht (2007)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal on Digital Libraries.

Blog post

Fang, J.: Male Orangutans With Cheek Pads Father More Offspring, https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/male-orangutans-cheek-pads-father-more-offspring/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Highway Planning: Agencies Are Attempting to Expedite Environmental Reviews, but Barriers Remain. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (1994)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Jensen, D.: Functional Analysis of Calmodulin’s Calcium Dependent Inactivation of Orai1, (2015)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Poniewozik, J.: The Ghost in the Machine May Be Your Soul, (2016)

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal on Digital Libraries
ISSN (print)	1432-5012
ISSN (online)	1432-1300
Scope	Library and Information Sciences