How to format your references using the International Journal of Surgery Case Reports citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Surgery Case Reports. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

E. DiCicco-Bloom, Neuroscience. Neuron, know thy neighbor, Science 311 (2006) 1560–1562.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

P. Van Roy, D.E.G. Briggs, A giant Ordovician anomalocaridid, Nature 473 (2011) 510–513.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

S. Kalisz, D.W. Vogler, K.M. Hanley, Context-dependent autonomous self-fertilization yields reproductive assurance and mixed mating, Nature 430 (2004) 884–887.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

S.-J. Lin, M. Kaeberlein, A.A. Andalis, L.A. Sturtz, P.-A. Defossez, V.C. Culotta, G.R. Fink, L. Guarente, Calorie restriction extends Saccharomyces cerevisiae lifespan by increasing respiration, Nature 418 (2002) 344–348.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

B. Maidl, M. Thewes, U. Maidl, Handbook of Tunnel Engineering II, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, D-69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2014.

An edited book

[1]

X. Richet, V. Delteil, P. Dieuaide, eds., Strategies of Multinational Corporations and Social Regulations: European and Asian Perspectives, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

B.G. Pollet, I. Staffell, K.-A. Adamson, Energy Generation and Usage in South Africa, in: I. Staffell, K.-A. Adamson (Eds.), The Energy Landscape in the Republic of South Africa, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2016: pp. 17–19.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Surgery Case Reports.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, What Is Going On In Your Brain When You Sleep?, IFLScience (2015).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Minicomputers, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1973.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

H.A. Al khuwaildi, Green techniques in the healthcare system, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

J. Leland, Glimpses of Vanishing Harlem, New York Times (2017) MB7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Surgery Case Reports
Abbreviation	Int. J. Surg. Case Rep.
ISSN (print)	2210-2612
Scope	Surgery