How to format your references using the International Journal of Surgery Case Reports citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Surgery Case Reports. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

B.J. Soden, Atmospheric physics. Enlightening water vapour, Nature 406 (2000) 247–248.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

W.J. Nelson, R. Nusse, Convergence of Wnt, beta-catenin, and cadherin pathways, Science 303 (2004) 1483–1487.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

E.G. Lebrun, N.T. Jones, L.E. Gilbert, Chemical warfare among invaders: a detoxification interaction facilitates an ant invasion, Science 343 (2014) 1014–1017.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

J. Zhou, H. Zhang, H. Meng, Y. Zhu, G. Bao, Y. Zhang, Y. Li, Y. Ma, Discovery of a super-strong promoter enables efficient production of heterologous proteins in cyanobacteria, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 4500.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

G. Horrocks, Greek, Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK, 2010.

An edited book

[1]

M.J. Roossinck, ed., Plant Virus Evolution, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

L.-S. Gan, F.W. Lee, N. Nagaraja, P. Li, J. Labutti, W. Yin, C. Xia, H. Yang, V. Uttamsingh, C. Lu, S. Pusalkar, J. Scott Daniels, R. Huang, M. Qian, J.-T. Wu, K. Cardoza, S.K. Balani, G.T. Miwa, Case History — Use of ADME Studies for Optimization of Drug Candidates, in: R.T. Borchardt, E.H. Kerns, M.J. Hageman, D.R. Thakker, J.L. Stevens (Eds.), Optimizing the “Drug-Like” Properties of Leads in Drug Discovery, Springer, New York, NY, 2006: pp. 81–97.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Surgery Case Reports.

Blog post

[1]

J. Davis, Snakebite Anti-Venom Set To Run Out Next Year, IFLScience (2015). https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/snakebite-anti-venom-track-run-out-next-year/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, NASA Performance Awards, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1980.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

J.D. Queener, A Post-School Outcome Study of Students with Learning Disabilities, Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

S.K. (nyt), World Briefing | Europe: Russia: Putin Orders “Stalingrad” On Memorial, New York Times (2004) A5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Surgery Case Reports
Abbreviation	Int. J. Surg. Case Rep.
ISSN (print)	2210-2612
Scope	Surgery