How to format your references using the International Journal of Paleopathology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Paleopathology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Benton, T.G., 2007. Ecology. Managing farming’s footprint on biodiversity. Science 315, 341–342.

A journal article with 2 authors

Townley, R., Shapiro, L., 2007. Crystal structures of the adenylate sensor from fission yeast AMP-activated protein kinase. Science 315, 1726–1729.

A journal article with 3 authors

Smith, D.R., Pendry, J.B., Wiltshire, M.C.K., 2004. Metamaterials and negative refractive index. Science 305, 788–792.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Huang, Y., Duan, Y., Ding, Y., Bu, N., Pan, Y., Lu, N., Yin, Z., 2014. Versatile, kinetically controlled, high precision electrohydrodynamic writing of micro/nanofibers. Sci. Rep. 4, 5949.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Speight, J.G., Foote, R., 2011. Ethics in Science and Engineering. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Gabbay, D.M., Guenthner, F. (Eds.), 2011. Handbook of Philosophical Logic: Volume 16, Handbook of Philosophical Logic. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht.

A chapter in an edited book

Silanikove, N., 2008. Milk Lipoprotein Membranes and Their Imperative Enzymes, in: Bösze, Z. (Ed.), Bioactive Components of Milk, Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Springer, New York, NY, pp. 143–161.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Paleopathology.

Blog post

Fang, J., 2015. Could Tooth Regeneration Be Possible In Humans One Day? [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/teeth-and-taste-buds-came-same-precursor-tissue/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2012. Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Education: Strategic Planning Needed to Better Manage Overlapping Programs across Multiple Agencies (No. GAO-12-108). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Smith, K.A., 2010. Impact of animal assisted therapy reading instruction on reading performance of homeschooled students (Doctoral dissertation). Northcentral University, Scottsdale, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Barron, J., 2017. Son of Sam Detective Realized ‘This Has Got to Be the Guy.’ New York Times A17.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Benton, 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Benton, 2007; Townley and Shapiro, 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Townley and Shapiro, 2007)
Three or more authors: (Huang et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Paleopathology
Abbreviation	Int. J. Paleopathol.
ISSN (print)	1879-9817
Scope