How to format your references using the International Journal of Paleopathology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Paleopathology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik, P., 2003. Chemistry’s clouded view. Nature 421, 295.

A journal article with 2 authors

Grasset, E.K., Cerutti, A., 2014. Immunology. Retroviral help for B cells. Science 346, 1454–1455.

A journal article with 3 authors

Cho, M.K., McGee, G., Magnus, D., 2006. Research conduct. Lessons of the stem cell scandal. Science 311, 614–615.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Schaefer, M., Baker, D.J., Gibbons, J.H., Groat, C.G., Kennedy, D., Kennel, C.F., Rejeski, D., 2008. Science and government. An Earth systems science agency. Science 321, 44–45.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Koch, S.N., Torres, S.M.F., Plumb, D.C., 2012. Canine and Feline Dermatology Drug Handbook. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd,., West Sussex, UK.

An edited book

Buitelaar, P., Cimiano, P. (Eds.), 2014. Towards the Multilingual Semantic Web: Principles, Methods and Applications. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Grossman, L., 2014. Jewish Communal Affairs, in: Dashefsky, A., Sheskin, I. (Eds.), American Jewish Year Book 2013: The Annual Record of the North American Jewish Communities, American Jewish Year Book. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 165–199.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Paleopathology.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2014. A Baby’s Cry Transcends Species [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/baby-s-cry-transcends-species/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2013. DOD Business Systems Modernization: Further Actions Needed to Address Challenges and Improve Accountability (No. GAO-13-557). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Osifalujo, A., 2015. Code-switching in Working African Americans: Internalized Racism, Minority Status, and Organizational Commitment (Doctoral dissertation). Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Woolfe, Z., 2017. Once Rebels, Now Institutions. New York Times C5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Smaglik, 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Grasset and Cerutti, 2014; Smaglik, 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Grasset and Cerutti, 2014)
Three or more authors: (Schaefer et al., 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Paleopathology
Abbreviation	Int. J. Paleopathol.
ISSN (print)	1879-9817
Scope