How to format your references using the International Journal of Paleopathology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Paleopathology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Mackman, N., 2008. Triggers, targets and treatments for thrombosis. Nature 451, 914–918.

A journal article with 2 authors

Higgins, M.J., Graham, S.J.H., 2009. Intellectual property. Balancing innovation and access: patent challenges tip the scales. Science 326, 370–371.

A journal article with 3 authors

Sachs, J.P., Anderson, R.F., Lehman, S.J., 2001. Glacial surface temperatures of the southeast Atlantic Ocean. Science 293, 2077–2079.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Carnaval, A.C., Hickerson, M.J., Haddad, C.F.B., Rodrigues, M.T., Moritz, C., 2009. Stability predicts genetic diversity in the Brazilian Atlantic forest hotspot. Science 323, 785–789.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

McDonnell, G., Sheard, D., 2012. A Practical Guide to Decontamination in Healthcare. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Oxford, UK.

An edited book

Aujol, J.-F., Nikolova, M., Papadakis, N. (Eds.), 2015. Scale Space and Variational Methods in Computer Vision: 5th International Conference, SSVM 2015, Lège-Cap Ferret, France, May 31 - June 4, 2015, Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

Worbs, T., Förster, R., 2009. T Cell Migration Dynamics Within Lymph Nodes During Steady State: An Overview of Extracellular and Intracellular Factors Influencing the Basal Intranodal T Cell Motility, in: Dustin, M., McGavern, D. (Eds.), Visualizing Immunity, Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 71–105.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Paleopathology.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015. The Trouble With Using Synthetic Rhino Horn to Stop Poaching [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/trouble-using-synthetic-rhino-horn-stop-poaching/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1998. Air Traffic Control: Observations on FAA’s Modernization Program (No. T-RCED/AIMD-98-93). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Marquez, M.C., 2015. Manuel Ponce’s “Estrellita” (arranged by Jascha Heifetz): A historical and performance practice guide for the violinist (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Koblin, J., 2017. FX Plans a Commercial-Free Service With Comcast. New York Times B6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Mackman, 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Higgins and Graham, 2009; Mackman, 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Higgins and Graham, 2009)
Three or more authors: (Carnaval et al., 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Paleopathology
Abbreviation	Int. J. Paleopathol.
ISSN (print)	1879-9817
Scope